@article{e19a083f13ca48b4a79a8f8a78ebb783,
title = "Chytrid infection dynamics in cricket frogs on military and public lands in the midwestern United States",
abstract = "The pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter, Bd) is a causal agent in amphibian decline and extinction events. Sampling for Bd in the Midwestern United States has largely been opportunistic and haphazard, so little information exists on the true occurrence and prevalence of the disease. We repeatedly tested Cricket Frogs Acris blanchardi or A. crepitans at 54 wetlands in 2009 and 15 wetlands in 2011 on both public and military lands to estimate Bd occurrence and prevalence rates between different land-use types, sampling seasons (spring, summer, autumn) and sampling years. We found Bd occurred in 100% of wetlands we sampled in 2009 and 2011, and overall prevalence was 22.7% in 2009 and 40.5% in 2011. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis prevalence in 2011 was significantly higher than in 2009 and was significantly higher during the spring season than in the summer or autumn. We also found Bd prevalence was not significantly different on military versus public-use sites and was most affected by the average 30-d maximum temperature prior to sampling. This study provides data on the occurrence and prevalence of Bd in the United States and fills an important gap in the Midwest, while also corroborating prior research findings of increased prevalence in the cooler spring season.",
keywords = "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Conservation, Cricket frog, Occurrence, Prevalence, Wetland",
author = "Crawford, {John A.} and Phillips, {Christopher A.} and Peterman, {William E.} and MacAllister, {Irene E.} and Wesslund, {Neil A.} and Kuhns, {Andrew R.} and Dreslik, {Michael J.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank S. Andrews (Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division), M. Bradenburg (Fort Knox), C. Carmichael (Sparta Training Center), K. Lohraff (Fort Leonard Wood), M. Peterkin (Camp Atterbury), and G. Zirkle (Fort Campbell) for access to their military installations and help with wetland locations. We also thank N. Engbrecht, E. Kessler, A. Robinson, J. Tiemann, D. Wylie, and S. Baker-Wylie for field assistance and J. Kelsey for help with compiling the weather data. We thank J. Longcore for providing Bd strains and J. Woods for expert advice on Bd PCR analysis and interpretation. Finally, we thank the Associate Editor and three Journal Reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. Funding for the project was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Construction and Engineering Research Laboratory). All research was conducted in accordance with animal care protocols of the University of Illinois animal care and use committee (permit # 09029) and state collecting permits issued to CAP. Funding Information: We thank S. Andrews (Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division), M. Bradenburg (Fort Knox), C. Carmichael (Sparta Training Center), K. Lohraff (Fort Leonard Wood), M. Peterkin (Camp Atterbury), and G. Zirkle (Fort Campbell) for access to their military installations and help with wetland locations. We also thank N. Engbrecht, E. Kessler, A. Robinson, J. Tiemann, D. Wylie, and S. Baker-Wylie for field assistance and J. Kelsey for help with compiling the weather data. We thank J. Longcore for providing Bd strains and J. Woods for expert advice on Bd PCR analysis and interpretation. Finally, we thank the Associate Editor and three Journal Reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. Funding for the project was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Construction and Engineering Research Laboratory). All research was conducted in accordance with animal care protocols of the University of Illinois animal care and use committee (permit # 09029) and state collecting permits issued to CAP. Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017, Allen Press. All rights reserved.",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
doi = "10.3996/012017-JFWM-003",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "8",
pages = "344--352",
journal = "Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management",
issn = "1944-687X",
publisher = "U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service",
number = "2",
}