Chemical shifts in amino acids, peptides, and proteins: From quantum chemistry to drug design

This chapter discusses recent progress in the investigation and use of ¹³C, ¹⁵N, and ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts and chemical shift tensors in proteins and model systems primarily using quantum chemical (ab initio Hartree-Fock and density functional theory) techniques. Correlations between spectra and structure are made and the techniques applied to other spectroscopic and electrostatic properties as well, including hydrogen bonding, ligand binding to heme proteins, J-couplings, electric field gradients, and atoms-in-molecules theory, together with a brief review of the use of NMR chemical shifts in drug design.