TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization of California sea lion polyomavirus 1
T2 - Expansion of the known host range of the Polyomaviridae to Carnivora
AU - Wellehan, James F.X.
AU - Rivera, Rebecca
AU - Archer, Linda L.
AU - Benham, Celeste
AU - Muller, Jennifer K.
AU - Colegrove, Kathleen M.
AU - Gulland, Frances M.D.
AU - St. Leger, Judy A.
AU - Venn-Watson, Stephanie K.
AU - Nollens, Hendrik H.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by Office of Naval Research , Grants Nos. N00014-06-1-0250 and N00014-09-1-0252 to H. Nollens and J. Wellehan, and N66001-08-D-0070 to P. Yochem. The authors would like to thank Liz Wheeler (The Marine Mammal Center), Erica Nilson (SeaWorld San Diego), and Kevin Carlin (U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program) for assistance with sample collection and Dr. Refugio Robles, Dr. Pam Yochem and Jennifer Burchell from the San Diego Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute for laboratory assistance and coordination.
Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2011/7
Y1 - 2011/7
N2 - The genome of a novel polyomavirus first identified in a proliferative tongue lesion of a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) is reported. This is only the third described polyomavirus of laurasiatherian mammals, is the first of the three associated with a lesion, and is the first known polyomavirus of a host in the order Carnivora. Predicted large T, small t, VP1, VP2, and VP3 genes were identified based on homology to proteins of known polyomaviruses, and a putative agnoprotein was identified based upon its location in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted late region proteins found that the laurasiatherian polyomaviruses, together with Squirrel monkey polyomavirus and Murine pneumotropic virus, form a monophyletic clade. Phylogenetic analysis of the early region was more ambiguous. The noncoding control region of California sea lion polyomavirus 1 is unusual in that only two apparent large T binding sites are present; this is less than any other known polyomavirus. The VP1 of this virus has an unusually long carboxy-terminal region. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction was developed and utilized on various samples from 79 additional animals from either managed or wild stranded California sea lion populations, and California sea lion polyomavirus 1 infection was found in 24% of stranded animals. Sequence of additional samples identified four sites of variation in the t antigens, three of which resulted in predicted coding changes.
AB - The genome of a novel polyomavirus first identified in a proliferative tongue lesion of a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) is reported. This is only the third described polyomavirus of laurasiatherian mammals, is the first of the three associated with a lesion, and is the first known polyomavirus of a host in the order Carnivora. Predicted large T, small t, VP1, VP2, and VP3 genes were identified based on homology to proteins of known polyomaviruses, and a putative agnoprotein was identified based upon its location in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted late region proteins found that the laurasiatherian polyomaviruses, together with Squirrel monkey polyomavirus and Murine pneumotropic virus, form a monophyletic clade. Phylogenetic analysis of the early region was more ambiguous. The noncoding control region of California sea lion polyomavirus 1 is unusual in that only two apparent large T binding sites are present; this is less than any other known polyomavirus. The VP1 of this virus has an unusually long carboxy-terminal region. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction was developed and utilized on various samples from 79 additional animals from either managed or wild stranded California sea lion populations, and California sea lion polyomavirus 1 infection was found in 24% of stranded animals. Sequence of additional samples identified four sites of variation in the t antigens, three of which resulted in predicted coding changes.
KW - California sea lion
KW - Phylogeny
KW - Polyomaviridae
KW - Quantitiative PCR
KW - Rolling circle amplification
KW - Zalophus californianus
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U2 - 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.03.010
DO - 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.03.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 21453794
AN - SCOPUS:79956291769
SN - 1567-1348
VL - 11
SP - 987
EP - 996
JO - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
JF - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
IS - 5
ER -