Abstract
Comparison of infant findings from the physical-reasoning and object-individuation literatures reveals a contradictory picture. On the one hand, physical-reasoning results indicate that young infants can use featural information to guide their actions on objects and to detect interaction violations (when objects interact in ways that are not physically possible) as well as change violations (when objects spontaneously undergo featural changes that are not physically possible). On the other hand, object-individuation results indicate that young infants typically cannot use featural information to detect individuation violations (when the number of objects revealed at the end of an event is less than the number of objects introduced during the event). In this article, we attempt to reconcile these two bodies of research. In a new model of early individuation, we propose that two systems help infants individuate objects in physical events: the object-file and physical-reasoning systems. Under certain conditions, disagreements between the systems result in catastrophic individuation failures, leading infants to hold no expectation at all about how many objects are present. We report experiments with 9- to 11-month-old infants (N = 216) that tested predictions from the model. After two objects emerged in alternation from behind a screen, infants detected no violation when the screen was lowered to reveal no object. Similarly, after two objects emerged in alternation from inside a box, which was then shaken, infants detected no violation when the box remained silent, as though empty. We end with new directions, suggested by our model, for research on early object representations.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 196-225 |
| Number of pages | 30 |
| Journal | Psychological review |
| Volume | 126 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 2019 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Infant cognition
- Object individuation
- Object-file system
- Physical-reasoning system
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychology(all)
Cite this
Catastrophic individuation failures in infancy : A new model and predictions. / Stavans, Maayan; Lin, Yi; Wu, Di; Baillargeon, Renée.
In: Psychological review, Vol. 126, No. 2, 03.2019, p. 196-225.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Catastrophic individuation failures in infancy
T2 - A new model and predictions
AU - Stavans, Maayan
AU - Lin, Yi
AU - Wu, Di
AU - Baillargeon, Renée
PY - 2019/3
Y1 - 2019/3
N2 - Comparison of infant findings from the physical-reasoning and object-individuation literatures reveals a contradictory picture. On the one hand, physical-reasoning results indicate that young infants can use featural information to guide their actions on objects and to detect interaction violations (when objects interact in ways that are not physically possible) as well as change violations (when objects spontaneously undergo featural changes that are not physically possible). On the other hand, object-individuation results indicate that young infants typically cannot use featural information to detect individuation violations (when the number of objects revealed at the end of an event is less than the number of objects introduced during the event). In this article, we attempt to reconcile these two bodies of research. In a new model of early individuation, we propose that two systems help infants individuate objects in physical events: the object-file and physical-reasoning systems. Under certain conditions, disagreements between the systems result in catastrophic individuation failures, leading infants to hold no expectation at all about how many objects are present. We report experiments with 9- to 11-month-old infants (N = 216) that tested predictions from the model. After two objects emerged in alternation from behind a screen, infants detected no violation when the screen was lowered to reveal no object. Similarly, after two objects emerged in alternation from inside a box, which was then shaken, infants detected no violation when the box remained silent, as though empty. We end with new directions, suggested by our model, for research on early object representations.
AB - Comparison of infant findings from the physical-reasoning and object-individuation literatures reveals a contradictory picture. On the one hand, physical-reasoning results indicate that young infants can use featural information to guide their actions on objects and to detect interaction violations (when objects interact in ways that are not physically possible) as well as change violations (when objects spontaneously undergo featural changes that are not physically possible). On the other hand, object-individuation results indicate that young infants typically cannot use featural information to detect individuation violations (when the number of objects revealed at the end of an event is less than the number of objects introduced during the event). In this article, we attempt to reconcile these two bodies of research. In a new model of early individuation, we propose that two systems help infants individuate objects in physical events: the object-file and physical-reasoning systems. Under certain conditions, disagreements between the systems result in catastrophic individuation failures, leading infants to hold no expectation at all about how many objects are present. We report experiments with 9- to 11-month-old infants (N = 216) that tested predictions from the model. After two objects emerged in alternation from behind a screen, infants detected no violation when the screen was lowered to reveal no object. Similarly, after two objects emerged in alternation from inside a box, which was then shaken, infants detected no violation when the box remained silent, as though empty. We end with new directions, suggested by our model, for research on early object representations.
KW - Infant cognition
KW - Object individuation
KW - Object-file system
KW - Physical-reasoning system
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85058415451&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85058415451&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1037/rev0000136
DO - 10.1037/rev0000136
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30550314
AN - SCOPUS:85058415451
VL - 126
SP - 196
EP - 225
JO - Psychological Review
JF - Psychological Review
SN - 0033-295X
IS - 2
ER -