@article{49026a60a2e34cda85bac6c6cc45bdb5,
title = "Biomimicry, Biofabrication, and Biohybrid Systems: The Emergence and Evolution of Biological Design",
abstract = "The discipline of biological design has a relatively short history, but has undergone very rapid expansion and development over that time. This Progress Report outlines the evolution of this field from biomimicry to biofabrication to biohybrid systems{\textquoteright} design, showcasing how each subfield incorporates bioinspired dynamic adaptation into engineered systems. Ethical implications of biological design are discussed, with an emphasis on establishing responsible practices for engineering non-natural or hypernatural functional behaviors in biohybrid systems. This report concludes with recommendations for implementing biological design into educational curricula, ensuring effective and responsible practices for the next generation of engineers and scientists.",
keywords = "bioactuators, biofabrication, biohybrids, biomimicry, smart materials",
author = "Ritu Raman and Rashid Bashir",
note = "Funding Information: Ritu Raman is a postdoc- toral fellow in the Langer Laboratory at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, funded by the NSF Emergent Behavior of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS) STC. Prior to this appointment, she was an NSF Graduate Research Fellow in the Bashir Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). Her research interests are focused on developing adaptive biohybrid materials and systems for applications in translational medicine. She is also interested in developing pedagogical methods for teaching the ethical development and practice of biohybrid design. Funding Information: The authors thank Lizanne DeStefano for leading the development of ethics materials discussed in this report and Janet Sinn-Hanlon for generating the schematic presented in the Table of Contents{\textquoteright} figure. They also thank the National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center, Emergent Behavior of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS, Grant No.: CBET–093951) for funding the research. R.R. was funded by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (Grant No.: DGE–1144245) and an NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) in Cellular and Molecular Mechanics and Bionanotechnology (Grant No. 0965918). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim",
year = "2017",
month = oct,
day = "25",
doi = "10.1002/adhm.201700496",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "6",
journal = "Advanced Healthcare Materials",
issn = "2192-2640",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
number = "20",
}