Biomarcadores para la enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras demencias degenerativas

Nowadays there are no standardized diagnostic test to use in clinical practice to reliable distinguish among the different forms of dementia. It is a great need to count with diagnostic test providing the capacity of indentify the underlying process further that just ruling out other disorders. In this review we provide a classification and an update of the test that have proved to be more useful in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Thus, biomakers from body fluids (cephalospinal fluid, blood and urine) are reviewed. Several studies that the use of a panel of biomarkers derived from proteomic analysis is an advantages way to distinguish Alzheimer from normal, and other dementia subjects and even in predicting mild cognitive impairment evolution. Regarding neuroimaging biomakers, results coming from regional brain activation studies, volumetric studies, spectroscopia, regional deposit of proteins density studies, neurotransmitters density studies, receptors and neurotransmitterss transporters studies, brain regional perfusion and vasoreactivity studies are addressed. Finally, the most significant findings in electroencephalography are quoted.