TY - JOUR
T1 - Biogeography of the Cinara cupressi complex (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Cupressaceae, with description of a pest species introduced into Africa
AU - Watson, G. W.
AU - Voegtlin, D. J.
AU - Murphy, S. T.
AU - Foottit, R. G.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by the Canadian International Development Agency, as part of the African Conifer Aphid Control Programme. The first author wishes to thank Mr R. Vane-Wright, Keeper of Entomology at the Natural History Museum, London, UK for permitting free access to the Museum’s collection and library for this research. We gratefully acknowledge the loan of material from The Natural History Museum, London; United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA (per pro United States National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C.); Istituto di Entomologia Agraria di Milano, Milan, Italy; the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. Project staff of the Institute of Biological Control (now CABI Bioscience) in the UK and East Africa contributed material and/or data to this paper (particularly Miss Isabel Carballal, Drs Roger Day and Moses Kairo, Miss Gillian Allard and Mrs Yvonne Abraham). The first author would like to thank Drs Victor Eastop, Roger Blackman and Miss Jennifer Spence of The Natural History Museum for their constructive advice and assistance during this work, and Dr Matthew Cock of CABI Bioscience for his helpful critique of the manuscript. The first record from Mauritius was kindly supplied by Mrs S.I. Seewooruthun of Entomology Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Food Technology and Natural Resources, Mauritius. Information provided by Dr Andrea Binazzi of Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria, Florence, Italy is gratefully acknowledged.
PY - 1999/6
Y1 - 1999/6
N2 - In recent decades, aphids identified as Cinara cupressi (Buckton) have seriously damaged commercial and ornamental plantings and native stands of Cupressus, Juniperus, Widdringtonia and other Cupressaceae in Africa, Italy, Jordan, Yemen, Mauritius and Colombia. Aphids currently identified as Cinara cupressi appear to belong to a species complex. This work was undertaken to identify the pest, its likely area of origin and any specific natural enemies, to facilitate a biological control programme. The biogeography of the species complex was studied using morphometric analysis of specimens from all the major regions where they have been collected, and analysis of host-plant ranges, parasitoid records and host association information. The cause of tree damage is shown to be an unnamed species, here described as C. (Cupressobium) cupressivora Watson and Voegtlin sp. n., which probably originated on Cupressus sempervirens in a region from eastern Greece to just south of the Caspian Sea. The remainder of the complex, Cinara cupressi sensu lato, apparently consists of three morphologically similar species (C. sabinae (Gillette and Palmer) and C. cupressi (Buckton), probably originating in North America, and an unidentified species). There is insufficient data available to separate these taxa, or to determine the status of C. canadensis Hottes and Bradley, so C. sabinae and C. canadensis are left in synonymy under C. cupressi (Buckton). Lachniella tujae del Guercio and L. juniperi signata del Guercio, thought to be part of the C. cupressi complex, were found to be junior synonyms of C. tujafilina (del Guercio); these new synonymies are proposed and lectotypes of L. tujae and L. juniperi signata are designated.
AB - In recent decades, aphids identified as Cinara cupressi (Buckton) have seriously damaged commercial and ornamental plantings and native stands of Cupressus, Juniperus, Widdringtonia and other Cupressaceae in Africa, Italy, Jordan, Yemen, Mauritius and Colombia. Aphids currently identified as Cinara cupressi appear to belong to a species complex. This work was undertaken to identify the pest, its likely area of origin and any specific natural enemies, to facilitate a biological control programme. The biogeography of the species complex was studied using morphometric analysis of specimens from all the major regions where they have been collected, and analysis of host-plant ranges, parasitoid records and host association information. The cause of tree damage is shown to be an unnamed species, here described as C. (Cupressobium) cupressivora Watson and Voegtlin sp. n., which probably originated on Cupressus sempervirens in a region from eastern Greece to just south of the Caspian Sea. The remainder of the complex, Cinara cupressi sensu lato, apparently consists of three morphologically similar species (C. sabinae (Gillette and Palmer) and C. cupressi (Buckton), probably originating in North America, and an unidentified species). There is insufficient data available to separate these taxa, or to determine the status of C. canadensis Hottes and Bradley, so C. sabinae and C. canadensis are left in synonymy under C. cupressi (Buckton). Lachniella tujae del Guercio and L. juniperi signata del Guercio, thought to be part of the C. cupressi complex, were found to be junior synonyms of C. tujafilina (del Guercio); these new synonymies are proposed and lectotypes of L. tujae and L. juniperi signata are designated.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032772479&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1017/s0007485399000395
DO - 10.1017/s0007485399000395
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0032772479
SN - 0007-4853
VL - 89
SP - 271
EP - 283
JO - Bulletin of Entomological Research
JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research
IS - 3
ER -