@article{79f068090a584c7bb57c6a45de40eed8,
title = "Biodegradable, three-dimensional colorimetric fliers for environmental monitoring",
abstract = "Recently reported winged microelectronic systems offer passive flight mechanisms as a dispersal strategy for purposes in environmental monitoring, population surveillance, pathogen tracking, and other applications. Initial studies indicate potential for technologies of this type, but advances in structural and responsive materials and in aerodynamically optimized geometries are necessary to improve the functionality and expand the modes of operation. Here, we introduce environmentally degradable materials as the basis of 3D fliers that allow remote, colorimetric assessments of multiple environmental parameters—pH, heavy metal concentrations, and ultraviolet exposure, along with humidity levels and temperature. Experimental and theoretical investigations of the aerodynamics of these systems reveal design considerations that include not only the geometries of the structures but also their mass distributions across a range of bioinspired designs. Preliminary field studies that rely on drones for deployment and for remote colorimetric analysis by machine learning interpretation of digital images illustrate scenarios for practical use.",
author = "Yoon, {Hong Joon} and Geumbee Lee and Kim, {Jin Tae} and Yoo, {Jae Young} and Haiwen Luan and Shyuan Cheng and Soohyeon Kang and Huynh, {Huong Le Thien} and Hyeonsu Kim and Jaehong Park and Joohee Kim and Kwak, {Sung Soo} and Hanjun Ryu and Jihye Kim and Choi, {Yeon Sik} and Ahn, {Hak Young} and Junhwan Choi and Seyong Oh and Jung, {Yei Hwan} and Minsu Park and Wubin Bai and Yonggang Huang and Chamorro, {Leonardo P.} and Yoonseok Park and Rogers, {John A.}",
note = "Acknowledgments:W ethankV .W .YangandZ.Cai(ForestProductsLaboratory,USDAForest Service)forthehelpinbiodegradationtestandstudies.Funding:Thematerialsand engineeringeffortsweresupportedbytheCenterforBio-IntegratedElectronicsoftheSimpson QuerreyInstituteatNorthwesternUniversity.ThisworkmadeuseoftheNUFABfacilityof Northwestern University{\textquoteright}s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the Soft and HybridNanotechnologyExperimental(SHyNE)Resource(NSFECCS-1542205);theMRSEC program(NSFDMR-1720139)attheMaterialsResearchCenter;theInternationalInstitutefor Nanotechnology(IIN);theKeckFoundation;andtheStateofIllinois,throughtheIIN.Thiswork wassupportedbytheNationalResearchFoundationofKorea(NRF)grantfundedbytheKorea government(MSIT)(2022R1F1A1073284).Authorcontributions:Conceptualization:H.-J.Y ., G.L.,J.-T .K., Y .P ., andJ.A.R.Investiga tion: H.-J.Y ., G.L.,J.-T .K., J.-Y .Y ., H.L.,S.C.,S.K.,H.L.T .H., H.K.,J.P ., JooheeKim,S.S.K.,H.R.,JihyeKim,Y .C., H.-Y .A., J.C.,S.O.,Y .H.J., M.P ., andW .B. Methodology: Y .H.J., G.L.,J.-T .K., J.-Y .Y ., L.P .C., Y .H., andY .P .Fabrication:H.-J.Y ., G.L.,H.L.T .H., andH.-Y .A. Visualization:H.-J.Y ., G.L.,J.-T .K., J.-Y .Y ., andH.L.Supervision:L.P .C., Y .P ., andJ.A.R.Writing— originaldraft:H.-J.Y ., G.L.,J.-T .K., J.-Y .Y ., andH.L.Writing—reviewandediting:H.-J.Y ., G.L.,J.-T .K., J.-Y .Y ., H.L.,Y .C., L.P .C., Y .P ., andJ.A.R.Competinginterests:Theauthorsdeclarethattheyhave nocompetinginterests.Dataandmaterialsavailability:Alldataneededtoevaluatethe conclusionsinthepaperarepresentinthepaperand/ortheSupplementaryMaterials. We thank V. W. Yang and Z. Cai (Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service) for the help in biodegradation test and studies. The materials and engineering efforts were supported by the Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics of the Simpson Querrey Institute at Northwestern University. This work made use of the NUFAB facility of Northwestern University{\textquoteright}s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1720139) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2022R1F1A1073284).",
year = "2022",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1126/sciadv.ade3201",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "8",
journal = "Science Advances",
issn = "2375-2548",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "51",
}