TY - JOUR
T1 - Beyond commuting
T2 - Ignoring individuals’ activity-travel patterns may lead to inaccurate assessments of their exposure to traffic congestion
AU - Kim, Junghwan
AU - Kwan, Mei Po
N1 - Funding Information:
Junghwan Kim was supported by a Foster Fellowship. Mei-Po Kwan was supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (BCS-1832465) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41529101).
Funding Information:
Funding: Junghwan Kim was supported by a Foster Fellowship. Mei-Po Kwan was supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (BCS-1832465) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41529101).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2019/1
Y1 - 2019/1
N2 - This research examines whether individual exposures to traffic congestion are significantly different between assessments obtained with and without considering individuals’ activity-travel patterns in addition to commuting trips. We used crowdsourced real-time traffic congestion data and the activity-travel data of 250 individuals in Los Angeles to compare these two assessments of individual exposures to traffic congestion. The results revealed that individual exposures to traffic congestion are significantly underestimated when their activity-travel patterns are ignored, which has been postulated as a manifestation of the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP). The results also highlighted that the probability distribution function of exposures is heavily skewed but tends to converge to its average when individuals’ activity-travel patterns are considered when compared to one obtained when those patterns are not considered, which indicates the existence of the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP). Lastly, space-time visualizations of individual exposures illustrated that people’s exposures to traffic congestion vary significantly even if they live at the same residential location due to their idiosyncratic activity-travel patterns. The results corroborate the claims in previous studies that using data aggregated over areas (e.g., census tracts) or focusing only on commuting trips (and thus ignoring individuals’ activity-travel patterns) may lead to erroneous assessments of individual exposures to traffic congestion or other environmental influences.
AB - This research examines whether individual exposures to traffic congestion are significantly different between assessments obtained with and without considering individuals’ activity-travel patterns in addition to commuting trips. We used crowdsourced real-time traffic congestion data and the activity-travel data of 250 individuals in Los Angeles to compare these two assessments of individual exposures to traffic congestion. The results revealed that individual exposures to traffic congestion are significantly underestimated when their activity-travel patterns are ignored, which has been postulated as a manifestation of the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP). The results also highlighted that the probability distribution function of exposures is heavily skewed but tends to converge to its average when individuals’ activity-travel patterns are considered when compared to one obtained when those patterns are not considered, which indicates the existence of the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP). Lastly, space-time visualizations of individual exposures illustrated that people’s exposures to traffic congestion vary significantly even if they live at the same residential location due to their idiosyncratic activity-travel patterns. The results corroborate the claims in previous studies that using data aggregated over areas (e.g., census tracts) or focusing only on commuting trips (and thus ignoring individuals’ activity-travel patterns) may lead to erroneous assessments of individual exposures to traffic congestion or other environmental influences.
KW - Activity-travel patterns
KW - Real-time traffic data
KW - The neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP)
KW - The uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP)
KW - Traffic congestion
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U2 - 10.3390/ijerph16010089
DO - 10.3390/ijerph16010089
M3 - Article
C2 - 30598024
AN - SCOPUS:85059248797
SN - 1661-7827
VL - 16
JO - International journal of environmental research and public health
JF - International journal of environmental research and public health
IS - 1
M1 - 89
ER -