Beam properties of visible proton-implanted photonic crystal VCSELs

Ansas M. Kasten; Dominic F. Siriani; Mary K. Hibbs-Brenner; Klein L. Johnson; Kent D. Choquette

doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2125780

Beam properties of visible proton-implanted photonic crystal VCSELs

Ansas M. Kasten, Dominic F. Siriani, Mary K. Hibbs-Brenner, Klein L. Johnson, Kent D. Choquette

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We investigate the optical properties of proton-implanted photonic crystal (PhC) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting in the visible spectrum. The fabricated lasers have a threshold current of 1.3mA and single-mode output power greater than 1mW at room temperature. The incorporation of a PhC into the top facet of a proton-implanted VCSEL results in a stable single-fundamental-mode operation with a side-mode suppression ratio larger than 30 dB and a constant beam divergence independent of injection current level or ambient temperature. Using an index-step optical fiber model, we compare the effects of different hole etching depths to variations in output beam divergence. By varying the design and etching depth of the hole pattern, the lasers can either be optimized for low beam divergence or low threshold currents. The controllable refractive index guidance effect from the PhC allows for precise engineering of the optical properties of these visible VCSELs for consumer and imaging applications.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	5755168
Pages (from-to)	1648-1655
Number of pages	8
Journal	IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
Volume	17
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2125780
State	Published - 2011

Keywords

High-quality beam properties
imaging applications
proton-implanted photonic crystal (PhC)
single-mode operation
vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)
visible semiconductor lasers

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Online availability

10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2125780

Library availability

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title = "Beam properties of visible proton-implanted photonic crystal VCSELs",

abstract = "We investigate the optical properties of proton-implanted photonic crystal (PhC) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting in the visible spectrum. The fabricated lasers have a threshold current of 1.3mA and single-mode output power greater than 1mW at room temperature. The incorporation of a PhC into the top facet of a proton-implanted VCSEL results in a stable single-fundamental-mode operation with a side-mode suppression ratio larger than 30 dB and a constant beam divergence independent of injection current level or ambient temperature. Using an index-step optical fiber model, we compare the effects of different hole etching depths to variations in output beam divergence. By varying the design and etching depth of the hole pattern, the lasers can either be optimized for low beam divergence or low threshold currents. The controllable refractive index guidance effect from the PhC allows for precise engineering of the optical properties of these visible VCSELs for consumer and imaging applications.",

keywords = "High-quality beam properties, imaging applications, proton-implanted photonic crystal (PhC), single-mode operation, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), visible semiconductor lasers",

author = "Kasten, {Ansas M.} and Siriani, {Dominic F.} and Hibbs-Brenner, {Mary K.} and Johnson, {Klein L.} and Choquette, {Kent D.}",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received December 1, 2010; revised February 16, 2011; accepted February 22, 2011. Date of publication April 25, 2011; date of current version December 7, 2011. This work was supported in part by the Nano-Chemical-Electrical-Mechanical Manufacturing Systems (CEMMS), University of Illinois{\textquoteright}s Nano-Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) and in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award DMI 0328162. Funding Information: Mr. Siriani is a Student Member of IEEE/ Photonics Society, a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Fellow, and a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellow.",

year = "2011",

doi = "10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2125780",

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AU - Choquette, Kent D.

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N2 - We investigate the optical properties of proton-implanted photonic crystal (PhC) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting in the visible spectrum. The fabricated lasers have a threshold current of 1.3mA and single-mode output power greater than 1mW at room temperature. The incorporation of a PhC into the top facet of a proton-implanted VCSEL results in a stable single-fundamental-mode operation with a side-mode suppression ratio larger than 30 dB and a constant beam divergence independent of injection current level or ambient temperature. Using an index-step optical fiber model, we compare the effects of different hole etching depths to variations in output beam divergence. By varying the design and etching depth of the hole pattern, the lasers can either be optimized for low beam divergence or low threshold currents. The controllable refractive index guidance effect from the PhC allows for precise engineering of the optical properties of these visible VCSELs for consumer and imaging applications.

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Beam properties of visible proton-implanted photonic crystal VCSELs

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