Balancing authority area model and its application to the design of adaptive AGC systems

Dimitra Apostolopoulou; Peter W. Sauer; Alejandro D. Dominguez-Garcia

doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2506181

Balancing authority area model and its application to the design of adaptive AGC systems

Dimitra Apostolopoulou, Peter W. Sauer, Alejandro D. Dominguez-Garcia

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a reduced-order model for synchronous generator dynamics via selective modal analysis. Then, we use this reduced-order model to formulate a balancing authority (BA) area dynamic model. Next, we use the BA area model to design an adaptive automatic generation control (AGC) scheme, with self-tuning gain, that decreases the amount of regulation needed and potentially reduces the associated costs. In particular, we use the BA area model to derive a relationship between the actual frequency response characteristic (AFRC) of the BA area, the area control error, the system frequency, and the total generation. We make use of this relationship to estimate the AFRC online, and set the frequency bias factor equal to the online estimation. As a result, the AGC system is driven by the exact number of MW needed to restore the system frequency and the real power interchange to the desired values. We demonstrate the proposed ideas with a single machine infinite bus, the 9-bus 3-machine Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), and a 140-bus 48-machine systems.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	7364298
Pages (from-to)	3756-3764
Number of pages	9
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Volume	31
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2506181
State	Published - Sep 2016

Keywords

Actual frequency response characteristic
adaptive automatic generation control
balancing authority area model
reduced-order synchronous generator model

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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title = "Balancing authority area model and its application to the design of adaptive AGC systems",

abstract = "In this paper, we develop a reduced-order model for synchronous generator dynamics via selective modal analysis. Then, we use this reduced-order model to formulate a balancing authority (BA) area dynamic model. Next, we use the BA area model to design an adaptive automatic generation control (AGC) scheme, with self-tuning gain, that decreases the amount of regulation needed and potentially reduces the associated costs. In particular, we use the BA area model to derive a relationship between the actual frequency response characteristic (AFRC) of the BA area, the area control error, the system frequency, and the total generation. We make use of this relationship to estimate the AFRC online, and set the frequency bias factor equal to the online estimation. As a result, the AGC system is driven by the exact number of MW needed to restore the system frequency and the real power interchange to the desired values. We demonstrate the proposed ideas with a single machine infinite bus, the 9-bus 3-machine Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), and a 140-bus 48-machine systems.",

keywords = "Actual frequency response characteristic, adaptive automatic generation control, balancing authority area model, reduced-order synchronous generator model",

author = "Dimitra Apostolopoulou and Sauer, {Peter W.} and Dominguez-Garcia, {Alejandro D.}",

year = "2016",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2506181",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "31",

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AU - Apostolopoulou, Dimitra

AU - Sauer, Peter W.

AU - Dominguez-Garcia, Alejandro D.

PY - 2016/9

Y1 - 2016/9

N2 - In this paper, we develop a reduced-order model for synchronous generator dynamics via selective modal analysis. Then, we use this reduced-order model to formulate a balancing authority (BA) area dynamic model. Next, we use the BA area model to design an adaptive automatic generation control (AGC) scheme, with self-tuning gain, that decreases the amount of regulation needed and potentially reduces the associated costs. In particular, we use the BA area model to derive a relationship between the actual frequency response characteristic (AFRC) of the BA area, the area control error, the system frequency, and the total generation. We make use of this relationship to estimate the AFRC online, and set the frequency bias factor equal to the online estimation. As a result, the AGC system is driven by the exact number of MW needed to restore the system frequency and the real power interchange to the desired values. We demonstrate the proposed ideas with a single machine infinite bus, the 9-bus 3-machine Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), and a 140-bus 48-machine systems.

AB - In this paper, we develop a reduced-order model for synchronous generator dynamics via selective modal analysis. Then, we use this reduced-order model to formulate a balancing authority (BA) area dynamic model. Next, we use the BA area model to design an adaptive automatic generation control (AGC) scheme, with self-tuning gain, that decreases the amount of regulation needed and potentially reduces the associated costs. In particular, we use the BA area model to derive a relationship between the actual frequency response characteristic (AFRC) of the BA area, the area control error, the system frequency, and the total generation. We make use of this relationship to estimate the AFRC online, and set the frequency bias factor equal to the online estimation. As a result, the AGC system is driven by the exact number of MW needed to restore the system frequency and the real power interchange to the desired values. We demonstrate the proposed ideas with a single machine infinite bus, the 9-bus 3-machine Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), and a 140-bus 48-machine systems.

KW - Actual frequency response characteristic

KW - adaptive automatic generation control

KW - balancing authority area model

KW - reduced-order synchronous generator model

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Balancing authority area model and its application to the design of adaptive AGC systems

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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