TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of prenatal urinary melamine, melamine analogues, and aromatic amines with gestational duration and fetal growth in the ECHO Cohort
AU - for the ECHO Cohort Consortium
AU - Choi, Giehae
AU - Xun, Xiaoshuang
AU - Bennett, Deborah H.
AU - Meeker, John D.
AU - Morello-Frosch, Rachel
AU - Sathyanarayana, Sheela
AU - Schantz, Susan L.
AU - Trasande, Leonardo
AU - Watkins, Deborah
AU - Pellizzari, Edo D.
AU - Li, Wenlong
AU - Kannan, Kurunthachalam
AU - Woodruff, Tracey J.
AU - Buckley, Jessie P.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s)
PY - 2025/1
Y1 - 2025/1
N2 - Melamine, its analogues, and aromatic amines (AAs) were commonly detected in a previous study of pregnant women in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort. While these chemicals have identified toxicities, little is known about their influences on fetal development. We measured these chemicals in gestational urine samples in 3 ECHO cohort sites to assess associations with birth outcomes (n = 1,231). We estimated beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using adjusted linear mixed models with continuous dilution-standardized concentrations (log2 transformed and scaled by interquartile range, IQR) or binary indicators for detection. As secondary analyses, we repeated analyses using categorical outcomes. Forty-one of 45 analytes were detected in at least one sample, with > 95 % detection of melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and aniline. Higher melamine concentration was associated with longer gestational age (β^ per IQR increase of log2-transformed: 0.082 [95 % CI: −0.012, 0.177]; 2nd vs 1st tertile: 0.173 [-0.048, 0.394]; 3rd vs 1st tertile: 0.186 [-0.035, 0.407]). Similarly in secondary analyses using categorical outcomes, an IQR increase in log2(melamine) was associated with 1.22 [0.99, 1.50] higher odds of post-term (>40 & ≤42 weeks) as compared to full-term (≥38 & ≤40 weeks). Several AAs were associated with birthweight and gestational length, with the direction of associations varying by AA. Some stronger associations were observed in females. Our findings suggest melamine and its analogs and AAs may influence gestational length and birthweight.
AB - Melamine, its analogues, and aromatic amines (AAs) were commonly detected in a previous study of pregnant women in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort. While these chemicals have identified toxicities, little is known about their influences on fetal development. We measured these chemicals in gestational urine samples in 3 ECHO cohort sites to assess associations with birth outcomes (n = 1,231). We estimated beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using adjusted linear mixed models with continuous dilution-standardized concentrations (log2 transformed and scaled by interquartile range, IQR) or binary indicators for detection. As secondary analyses, we repeated analyses using categorical outcomes. Forty-one of 45 analytes were detected in at least one sample, with > 95 % detection of melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and aniline. Higher melamine concentration was associated with longer gestational age (β^ per IQR increase of log2-transformed: 0.082 [95 % CI: −0.012, 0.177]; 2nd vs 1st tertile: 0.173 [-0.048, 0.394]; 3rd vs 1st tertile: 0.186 [-0.035, 0.407]). Similarly in secondary analyses using categorical outcomes, an IQR increase in log2(melamine) was associated with 1.22 [0.99, 1.50] higher odds of post-term (>40 & ≤42 weeks) as compared to full-term (≥38 & ≤40 weeks). Several AAs were associated with birthweight and gestational length, with the direction of associations varying by AA. Some stronger associations were observed in females. Our findings suggest melamine and its analogs and AAs may influence gestational length and birthweight.
KW - Aromatic amines
KW - Birthweight
KW - Cyanuric acid
KW - Gestational age
KW - Large for gestational age
KW - Low birthweight
KW - Melamine
KW - Preterm birth
KW - Small for gestational age
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U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109227
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109227
M3 - Article
C2 - 39740267
AN - SCOPUS:85213246242
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 195
JO - Environment international
JF - Environment international
M1 - 109227
ER -