Association between leisure-time activities and school failure in adolescents: The 1993 Birth Cohort

Aim To evaluate the relationship between leisure-time activities at 11 years old and the incidence of school failures from 11 to 15 years in adolescents. Methods The sample comprised 4,090 adolescents from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil. The outcome was measured as the number of school failures from 11 to 15 years, based on reported information from cohort participants and their parents. The exposures were collected at 11 years old, as follows: Reading; meeting friends; talking to parents; and dating. Results In the group from 11 to 15 years old, 53.3% failed at school at least once. Meeting friends 4-7 times/week (RR = 1.15) and dating 1-3 times/week (RR = 1.22) were associated with high risk for school failure. Reading showed an inverse relationship with school failures (1-3 times/week RR = 0.83; 4-7 times/week RR = 0.71). Reading at least once a week could prevent around 16% of school failures. Conclusion The context in which adolescents are inserted plays a relevant role in school performance. Understanding these factors may help to propose actions to reduce school failure rates even further.