Association between health literacy and health-promoting behaviors in individuals with visual impairments

BACKGROUND: Individuals with visual impairments face multiple challenges in self-care and health management. However, the health behaviors of this minority group have been underexplored, as have the factors influencing their health-promoting behaviors. This study aimed to examine the association between health literacy and health-promoting behaviors in individuals with visual impairments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using an accessible web-based questionnaire developed by the research team. Survey data were collected from 2,447 adults with low vision and blindness residing in the United States between September 1, 2023, and October 2, 2023. The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) were used to measure health literacy and health-promoting behaviors, respectively. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted using R software. RESULTS: A total of 2,425 participants were included in the statistical analysis, with 63.6% being female. The mean age of all participants was 37.45 years (SD = 9.30). There was a strong positive correlation between health literacy and health-promoting behaviors (r = 0.66, P <.001). Multiple linear regression using a stepwise forward method (R² =0.38, F (6, 2418) =361.45, P <.001) highlighted a significant influence of health literacy on health-promoting behaviors (β =0.60, P <.001). CONCLUSION: The study discussed the potential impact of health literacy on the health behaviors of individuals with visual impairments. These findings underscore the need for adapted and personalized health education programs for this disability group.