TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between blood cholesterol and sodium intake in hypertensive women with excess weight
AU - Padilha, Bruna Merten
AU - Ferreira, Raphaela Costa
AU - Bueno, Nassib Bezerra
AU - Tassitano, Rafael Miranda
AU - De Souza Holanda, Lidiana
AU - Vasconcelos, Sandra Mary Lima
AU - Cabral, Poliana Coelho
N1 - Funding Information:
Editor: Yan Li. Funding/support: Research Support Foundation of the state of Alagoas (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas). Award number: Chamada PPSUS FAPEAL 02/2013 – MS/CNPq/FAPEAL/SESAU-AL. Recipient: Sandra Mary Lima Vasconcelos. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. aFaculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, Alagoas, bDepartment of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, cDepartment of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. ∗Correspondence: Bruna Merten Padilha, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP: 57072–970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil (e-mail: [email protected]). Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Medicine (2018) 97:15(e0371) Received: 16 November 2017 / Received in final form: 18 January 2018 / Accepted: 19 March 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000010371
Funding Information:
This study was sponsored by a scientific research-funding agency owned by the state and complied with human research rules established by Resolution n. 466/2012 of the National Health Council. The study was approved in 2013 by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Alagoas (CAAE:
Funding Information:
The authors thank the Research Support Foundation of the state of Alagoas (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas) for sponsoring the study. The authors also thank Professor Gauss M. Cordeiro, PhD in Statistics from Imperial College (University of London) and professor at the Statistics Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
PY - 2018/4/1
Y1 - 2018/4/1
N2 - Restricted sodium intake has been recommended for more than 1 century for the treatment of hypertension. However, restriction seems to increase blood cholesterol. In women with excess weight, blood cholesterol may increase even more because of insulin resistance and the high lipolytic activity of adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the association between blood cholesterol and sodium intake in hypertensive women with and without excess weight. This was a cross-sectional study with hypertensive and nondiabetic women aged 20 to 59 years, recruited at the primary healthcare units of Maceio, Alagoas, Brazilian Northeast. Excess weight was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0kg/m2. Sodium intake was estimated by the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium. Blood cholesterol was the primary outcome investigated by this study, and its relationship with sodium intake and other variables was assessed by Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression using a significance level of 5%. This study included 165 hypertensive women. Of these, 135 (81.8%) were with excess weight. The mean sodium intake was 3.7g (±1.9) and 3.4g (±2.4) in hypertensive women with and without excess weight, respectively. The multiple normal linear regression models fitted to the "blood cholesterol" in the 2 groups reveal that for the group of hypertensive women without excess weight only 1 independent variable "age" is statistically significant to explain the variability of the blood cholesterol levels. However, for the group of hypertensive women with excess weight, 2 independent variables, age and sodium intake, can statistically explain variations of the blood cholesterol levels. Blood cholesterol is statistically inversely related to sodium intake for hypertensive women with excess weight, but it is not statistically related to sodium intake for hypertensive women without excess weight. Abbreviations: 24hUNaE = 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, 95%CI = 95% confidence interval, BF = body fat, BMI = body mass index, BP = blood pressure, SES = socioeconomic status, WC = waist circumference, WHO = World Health Organization, WHtR = waist-to-height ratio.
AB - Restricted sodium intake has been recommended for more than 1 century for the treatment of hypertension. However, restriction seems to increase blood cholesterol. In women with excess weight, blood cholesterol may increase even more because of insulin resistance and the high lipolytic activity of adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the association between blood cholesterol and sodium intake in hypertensive women with and without excess weight. This was a cross-sectional study with hypertensive and nondiabetic women aged 20 to 59 years, recruited at the primary healthcare units of Maceio, Alagoas, Brazilian Northeast. Excess weight was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0kg/m2. Sodium intake was estimated by the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium. Blood cholesterol was the primary outcome investigated by this study, and its relationship with sodium intake and other variables was assessed by Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression using a significance level of 5%. This study included 165 hypertensive women. Of these, 135 (81.8%) were with excess weight. The mean sodium intake was 3.7g (±1.9) and 3.4g (±2.4) in hypertensive women with and without excess weight, respectively. The multiple normal linear regression models fitted to the "blood cholesterol" in the 2 groups reveal that for the group of hypertensive women without excess weight only 1 independent variable "age" is statistically significant to explain the variability of the blood cholesterol levels. However, for the group of hypertensive women with excess weight, 2 independent variables, age and sodium intake, can statistically explain variations of the blood cholesterol levels. Blood cholesterol is statistically inversely related to sodium intake for hypertensive women with excess weight, but it is not statistically related to sodium intake for hypertensive women without excess weight. Abbreviations: 24hUNaE = 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, 95%CI = 95% confidence interval, BF = body fat, BMI = body mass index, BP = blood pressure, SES = socioeconomic status, WC = waist circumference, WHO = World Health Organization, WHtR = waist-to-height ratio.
KW - Anthropometry
KW - Cholesterol
KW - Hypertension
KW - Obesity
KW - Sodium
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U2 - 10.1097/MD.0000000000010371
DO - 10.1097/MD.0000000000010371
M3 - Article
C2 - 29642188
AN - SCOPUS:85045623262
SN - 0025-7974
VL - 97
JO - Medicine (United States)
JF - Medicine (United States)
IS - 15
M1 - e0371
ER -