Application of mathematical models to the continous slab casting mold

Finite-element models have been developed to simulate fluid flow, heat transfer and stress generation in the mold region of a continuous steel slab casting machine. Using the separate models, it is possible to calculate the turbulent fluid flow distribution and accompanying heat transfer resulting in the liquid steel delivered through a submerged, bifurcated nozzle; thermal distortion of the copper mold; and coupled heat flow, shrinkage and stress development in the solidifying steel shell. The model calculations have been compared with observations of physical water models and experimental measurements and have successfully reproduced many known phenomena in addition to making other new predictions. They are currently being applied to investigate problems such as narrow face shell erosion and slab surface depressions.