TY - JOUR
T1 - Anticoagulation and Spine Surgery
AU - Porto, Guilherme B.F.
AU - Jeffrey Wessell, D. O.
AU - Alvarado, Anthony
AU - Arnold, Paul M.
AU - Buchholz, Avery L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This review provides an overview of main anticoagulation agents seen in preoperative setting for spine patients. Although data is mixed and no true randomized control trials are available, there is growing evidence suggesting the aforementioned guidelines are needed to optimize anticoagulation in setting of spine surgery. Further studies are needed to elucidate risk of complications while operating under therapeutic levels of anticoagulation for a variety of comorbid conditions. spine surgery and perioperative anticoagulation antiplatelet agents blood loss surgical postoperative hematoma management guidelines typesetter ts3 Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This supplement was supported by funding from AO Spine North America.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2020.
PY - 2020/1/1
Y1 - 2020/1/1
N2 - Study Design: Literature review. Objective: Preoperative management of therapeutic anticoagulation in spine surgery is critical to minimize risk of thromboembolic events yet prevent postsurgical complications. Limited research is available, and most guidelines are based on drug half-lives. We aim to clarify current guidelines and available evidence for safe practice of spine surgery in this patient population. Methods: A literature search in PubMed was done encompassing comprehensive search terms to locate published literature on anticoagulation and spine surgery. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and data extraction was performed. Results: A total of 17 articles met the final inclusion criteria. Of these, 12 articles were retrospective chart reviews, 3 were prospective observational studies, and 2 were systematic reviews. Current practice suggests holding warfarin until international normalized ratio <1.4, anti-Xa drugs for 48 to 72 hours, 12 to 24 hours for low-molecular-weight heparin, and 4 to 24 hours for heparin, before surgery. Antiplatelet agents can be stopped for 1 to 3 days prior to operation (81-500 mg) but must be stopped for 1 week for doses >1 g/d. For Plavix, 5 to 7 days of discontinuation advised to prevent complications. Conclusions: This review provides an overview of main anticoagulation agents seen in preoperative setting for spine patients. Although data is mixed and no true randomized control trials are available, there is growing evidence suggesting the aforementioned guidelines are needed to optimize anticoagulation in setting of spine surgery. Further studies are needed to elucidate risk of complications while operating under therapeutic levels of anticoagulation for a variety of comorbid conditions.
AB - Study Design: Literature review. Objective: Preoperative management of therapeutic anticoagulation in spine surgery is critical to minimize risk of thromboembolic events yet prevent postsurgical complications. Limited research is available, and most guidelines are based on drug half-lives. We aim to clarify current guidelines and available evidence for safe practice of spine surgery in this patient population. Methods: A literature search in PubMed was done encompassing comprehensive search terms to locate published literature on anticoagulation and spine surgery. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and data extraction was performed. Results: A total of 17 articles met the final inclusion criteria. Of these, 12 articles were retrospective chart reviews, 3 were prospective observational studies, and 2 were systematic reviews. Current practice suggests holding warfarin until international normalized ratio <1.4, anti-Xa drugs for 48 to 72 hours, 12 to 24 hours for low-molecular-weight heparin, and 4 to 24 hours for heparin, before surgery. Antiplatelet agents can be stopped for 1 to 3 days prior to operation (81-500 mg) but must be stopped for 1 week for doses >1 g/d. For Plavix, 5 to 7 days of discontinuation advised to prevent complications. Conclusions: This review provides an overview of main anticoagulation agents seen in preoperative setting for spine patients. Although data is mixed and no true randomized control trials are available, there is growing evidence suggesting the aforementioned guidelines are needed to optimize anticoagulation in setting of spine surgery. Further studies are needed to elucidate risk of complications while operating under therapeutic levels of anticoagulation for a variety of comorbid conditions.
KW - antiplatelet agents
KW - blood loss surgical
KW - management guidelines
KW - postoperative hematoma
KW - spine surgery and perioperative anticoagulation
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U2 - 10.1177/2192568219852051
DO - 10.1177/2192568219852051
M3 - Article
C2 - 31934522
AN - SCOPUS:85077674987
SN - 2192-5682
VL - 10
SP - 53S-64S
JO - Global Spine Journal
JF - Global Spine Journal
IS - 1_suppl
ER -