Anhedonia and negative symptom schizotypy

Current conceptualizations of schizophrenia indicate that the underlying vulnerability for the disorder is expressed across a broad continuum of impairment referred to as schizotypy. Trait-like anhedonia has long been recognized as a central component of schizophrenia and schizotypy. Our understanding of the etiology, experience, and expression of anhedonia, however, has evolved in large part due to advances in social and emotion psychology regarding the nature of pleasure, advances in the neurosciences regarding the brain mechanisms underlying hedonic capacity and experience, and the integration of measures from clinical, social, and biological psychology. Current studies have differentiated deficits in anticipatory pleasure from deficits in consummatory pleasure. The study of anhedonia has also been enhanced by the use of experience sampling research methods that expand investigations from the laboratory and the clinic to real world environments. Anhedonia appears to be a core component of the negative or deficit symptom dimension of schizotypy and schizophrenia, whereas the positive or psychotic-like dimension appears to be characterized by affective dysregulation. Furthermore, schizotypic anhedonia is differentiated from conditions such as depression, which involve episodic anhedonia combined with elevated negative affect. The present chapter presents an overview of theoretical conceptualizations of anhedonia in schizotypy, reviews cross-sectional, longitudinal, and daily life research findings, and considers issues and directions for future study of the construct.