TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of the Spray Numerical Injection Modeling for Gasoline Applications
AU - Nocivelli, Lorenzo
AU - Sforzo, Brandon A.
AU - Tekawade, Aniket
AU - Yan, Junhao
AU - Powell, Christopher F.
AU - Chang, Wayne
AU - Lee, Chia Fon
AU - Som, Sibendu
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is supported by the Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), and the Department of Defense, Tank and Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC), under Award Number DE-EE0007292. UChicago Argonne, LLC, is the Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. This research was partially funded by DOE’s Office of Vehicle Technologies, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Argonne National Laboratory, operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy; University of Illinois.
PY - 2020/4/14
Y1 - 2020/4/14
N2 - The modeling of fuel jet atomization is key in the characterization of Internal Combustion (IC) engines, and 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a recognized tool to provide insights for design and control purposes. Multi-hole injectors with counter-bored nozzle are the standard for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) applications and the Spray-G injector from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) is considered the reference for numerical studies, thanks to the availability of extensive experimental data. In this work, the behavior of the Spray-G injector is simulated in a constant volume chamber, ranging from sub-cooled (nominal G) to flashing conditions (G2), validating the models on Diffused Back Illumination and Phase Doppler Anemometry data collected in vaporizing inert conditions. The Discrete Droplet Modeling of the spray, in which stochastic parcels representing the fuel droplets are tracked with a Lagrangian approach and coupled with the gas phase, is used within the commercial CFD code CONVERGE. Three spray parcels initialization paradigms are compared to define a robust numerical framework for GDI applications. The well-known blob injector model, for which the parcel properties are defined according to semi-empirical models based on the nozzle properties, represents the current industrial standard approach and it is set as the basis for the study. The definition of the injected parcel properties through One-Way coupling between higher fidelity Eulerian mixture modeling simulations of the multi-phase flow inside the injector is then compared, keeping the primary breakup modeling unchanged. Moreover, droplet diameter probability functions are defined on the basis of near-nozzle X-ray radiography and Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS) and employed to describe the spray, avoiding the jet primary breakup models. These approaches are compared against experimental data, lowering the chamber pressure to explore the behavior or super-heated fuels, typical of early pilot injections, where flash-boiling promotes the atomization and the plume expansion and mutual interaction.
AB - The modeling of fuel jet atomization is key in the characterization of Internal Combustion (IC) engines, and 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a recognized tool to provide insights for design and control purposes. Multi-hole injectors with counter-bored nozzle are the standard for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) applications and the Spray-G injector from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) is considered the reference for numerical studies, thanks to the availability of extensive experimental data. In this work, the behavior of the Spray-G injector is simulated in a constant volume chamber, ranging from sub-cooled (nominal G) to flashing conditions (G2), validating the models on Diffused Back Illumination and Phase Doppler Anemometry data collected in vaporizing inert conditions. The Discrete Droplet Modeling of the spray, in which stochastic parcels representing the fuel droplets are tracked with a Lagrangian approach and coupled with the gas phase, is used within the commercial CFD code CONVERGE. Three spray parcels initialization paradigms are compared to define a robust numerical framework for GDI applications. The well-known blob injector model, for which the parcel properties are defined according to semi-empirical models based on the nozzle properties, represents the current industrial standard approach and it is set as the basis for the study. The definition of the injected parcel properties through One-Way coupling between higher fidelity Eulerian mixture modeling simulations of the multi-phase flow inside the injector is then compared, keeping the primary breakup modeling unchanged. Moreover, droplet diameter probability functions are defined on the basis of near-nozzle X-ray radiography and Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS) and employed to describe the spray, avoiding the jet primary breakup models. These approaches are compared against experimental data, lowering the chamber pressure to explore the behavior or super-heated fuels, typical of early pilot injections, where flash-boiling promotes the atomization and the plume expansion and mutual interaction.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083825475&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85083825475&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4271/2020-01-0330
DO - 10.4271/2020-01-0330
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:85083825475
VL - 2020-April
JO - SAE Technical Papers
JF - SAE Technical Papers
SN - 0148-7191
IS - April
T2 - SAE 2020 World Congress Experience, WCX 2020
Y2 - 21 April 2020 through 23 April 2020
ER -