TY - JOUR
T1 - Alterations in ileal mucosa bacteria related to diet complexity and growth performance in young pigs
AU - Levesque, Crystal L.
AU - Hooda, Seema
AU - Swanson, Kelly S.
AU - De Lange, Kees
N1 - Funding Information:
KDL and CLL acknowledge partial funding of the project by Ontario Pork, Swine Innovation Porc, and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. The funding agencies were not involved in study design, data collection, analysis or interpretation, writing of the paper, or submission decisions and this does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Funding Information:
This study was conducted with support from Swine Innovation Porc, Ontario Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Rural Affairs, and Ontario Pork. The authors would like to thank Scott E. Dowd for assistance in analyzing the data.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Levesque et al.
PY - 2014/9/23
Y1 - 2014/9/23
N2 - Methodology/Principal Findings: Weaned pigs were fed HIGH or LOW complexity diets, with or without antibiotics, for 6 weeks, followed by a common grower diet. Pigs were killed at 2 (n = 4 or 5) and 8 (n = 6) weeks post-weaning (periods of reduced and improved growth, respectively). Mucosal bacteria were removed; DNA was extracted and amplified using the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Mucosal bacteria clustered more closely by week post-weaning than diet but 44% of bacterial species did not change from week 2 to 8. There was no effect of diet complexity or antibiotic inclusion on indices of bacterial diversity. Firmicutes made up 91 and 96% of total reads at week 2 and 8, respectively. The proportion of Clostridium paraputrificum increased (P = 0.003) from week 2 to 8 in pigs fed LOW but didn't change in pigs fed HIGH; whereas Clostridium leptum decreased (P = 0.02) from week 2 to 8 in pigs fed LOW but didn't change in pigs fed HIGH. The proportion of Sarcina genus was 3-fold higher in pigs fed A+ compared to A2 at week 2 and 5-fold higher at week 8 despite the lack of in-feed antibiotics at that time.Conclusions/Significance: Shifts in mucosal bacteria populations may be related to dietary induced changes in growth performance during reduced and improved growth but further studies are required to confirm causative relationship. Weaning diet results in species specific prolonged alterations in mucosal bacteria, particularly where high levels of in-feed antibiotics are used. A considerable portion of ileal mucosal bacteria colonize early and remain stable over time despite changes in diet.Background: Evaluation of the prolonged impact of weaning diet on ileal mucosa bacteria and during periods of reduced and improved growth was conducted using 454 pyrosequencing.
AB - Methodology/Principal Findings: Weaned pigs were fed HIGH or LOW complexity diets, with or without antibiotics, for 6 weeks, followed by a common grower diet. Pigs were killed at 2 (n = 4 or 5) and 8 (n = 6) weeks post-weaning (periods of reduced and improved growth, respectively). Mucosal bacteria were removed; DNA was extracted and amplified using the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Mucosal bacteria clustered more closely by week post-weaning than diet but 44% of bacterial species did not change from week 2 to 8. There was no effect of diet complexity or antibiotic inclusion on indices of bacterial diversity. Firmicutes made up 91 and 96% of total reads at week 2 and 8, respectively. The proportion of Clostridium paraputrificum increased (P = 0.003) from week 2 to 8 in pigs fed LOW but didn't change in pigs fed HIGH; whereas Clostridium leptum decreased (P = 0.02) from week 2 to 8 in pigs fed LOW but didn't change in pigs fed HIGH. The proportion of Sarcina genus was 3-fold higher in pigs fed A+ compared to A2 at week 2 and 5-fold higher at week 8 despite the lack of in-feed antibiotics at that time.Conclusions/Significance: Shifts in mucosal bacteria populations may be related to dietary induced changes in growth performance during reduced and improved growth but further studies are required to confirm causative relationship. Weaning diet results in species specific prolonged alterations in mucosal bacteria, particularly where high levels of in-feed antibiotics are used. A considerable portion of ileal mucosal bacteria colonize early and remain stable over time despite changes in diet.Background: Evaluation of the prolonged impact of weaning diet on ileal mucosa bacteria and during periods of reduced and improved growth was conducted using 454 pyrosequencing.
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U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0108472
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0108472
M3 - Article
C2 - 25247930
AN - SCOPUS:84907587042
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 9
JO - PLoS One
JF - PLoS One
IS - 9
M1 - e108472
ER -