TY - JOUR
T1 - Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases
T2 - A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies’ Environmental Committee, Part 1: The Damaging Effects of Air Pollution
AU - Schraufnagel, Dean E.
AU - Balmes, John R.
AU - Cowl, Clayton T.
AU - De Matteis, Sara
AU - Jung, Soon Hee
AU - Mortimer, Kevin
AU - Perez-Padilla, Rogelio
AU - Rice, Mary B.
AU - Riojas-Rodriguez, Horacio
AU - Sood, Akshay
AU - Thurston, George D.
AU - To, Teresa
AU - Vanker, Anessa
AU - Wuebbles, Donald J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018
PY - 2019/2
Y1 - 2019/2
N2 - Air pollution poses a great environmental risk to health. Outdoor fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) exposure is the fifth leading risk factor for death in the world, accounting for 4.2 million deaths and > 103 million disability-adjusted life years lost according to the Global Burden of Disease Report. The World Health Organization attributes 3.8 million additional deaths to indoor air pollution. Air pollution can harm acutely, usually manifested by respiratory or cardiac symptoms, as well as chronically, potentially affecting every organ in the body. It can cause, complicate, or exacerbate many adverse health conditions. Tissue damage may result directly from pollutant toxicity because fine and ultrafine particles can gain access to organs, or indirectly through systemic inflammatory processes. Susceptibility is partly under genetic and epigenetic regulation. Although air pollution affects people of all regions, ages, and social groups, it is likely to cause greater illness in those with heavy exposure and greater susceptibility. Persons are more vulnerable to air pollution if they have other illnesses or less social support. Harmful effects occur on a continuum of dosage and even at levels below air quality standards previously considered to be safe.
AB - Air pollution poses a great environmental risk to health. Outdoor fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) exposure is the fifth leading risk factor for death in the world, accounting for 4.2 million deaths and > 103 million disability-adjusted life years lost according to the Global Burden of Disease Report. The World Health Organization attributes 3.8 million additional deaths to indoor air pollution. Air pollution can harm acutely, usually manifested by respiratory or cardiac symptoms, as well as chronically, potentially affecting every organ in the body. It can cause, complicate, or exacerbate many adverse health conditions. Tissue damage may result directly from pollutant toxicity because fine and ultrafine particles can gain access to organs, or indirectly through systemic inflammatory processes. Susceptibility is partly under genetic and epigenetic regulation. Although air pollution affects people of all regions, ages, and social groups, it is likely to cause greater illness in those with heavy exposure and greater susceptibility. Persons are more vulnerable to air pollution if they have other illnesses or less social support. Harmful effects occur on a continuum of dosage and even at levels below air quality standards previously considered to be safe.
KW - air pollution
KW - mechanism of damage
KW - noncommunicable diseases
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U2 - 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042
DO - 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30419235
AN - SCOPUS:85060309742
SN - 0012-3692
VL - 155
SP - 409
EP - 416
JO - Chest
JF - Chest
IS - 2
ER -