AGIBC formulation for lossy conductor modeling

This paper describes an augmented generalized impedance boundary condition (AGIBC) formulation for accurate and efficient modeling of lossy conductors. It is a surface integral equation method, so that it uses a smaller number of unknowns. The underlying GIBC provides a rigorous way to account for the skin effect. Combining with the novel augmentation technique, the AGIBC formulation works stably in the low-frequency regime. No loop-tree search in required. The formulation also allows its easy incorporation of fast algorithms to enable the solving of large problems with many unknowns. Numerical examples are presented to validate the formulation.