TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in pediatric restless legs syndrome
T2 - Iron, genetics, diagnosis and treatment
AU - Picchietti, Matthew A.
AU - Picchietti, Daniel L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This was not an industry supported or written review. Dr. Daniel Picchietti has received grant support from NIH R01 NS4 0829-02 and from the Carle Foundation and has served as a consultant to Boehringer Ingelheim and GlaxoSmithKline. The other author reports no potential conflicts of interest.
PY - 2010/8
Y1 - 2010/8
N2 - A substantial literature characterizes pediatric restless legs syndrome (RLS), which occurs in about 1.9% of individuals between 8 and 18. years of age. Diagnostic interview techniques and an updated inventory of pediatric RLS mimics are presented. Evidence for comorbidity of pediatric RLS with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, and anxiety is reviewed as is the relationship to periodic limb movements in sleep and periodic limb movement disorder. The role of relative iron deficiency in pediatric RLS is discussed, along with new data indicating the benefit of iron therapy in reducing symptoms. Five genetic variants have been linked to RLS, an important finding in a condition that is highly familial in early-onset cases. Numerous case reports and case series indicate benefit for moderate to severe pediatric RLS with medication. However, to date, there have been no double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of therapy for pediatric RLS published. These and other recent advances relevant to pediatric RLS research are reviewed.
AB - A substantial literature characterizes pediatric restless legs syndrome (RLS), which occurs in about 1.9% of individuals between 8 and 18. years of age. Diagnostic interview techniques and an updated inventory of pediatric RLS mimics are presented. Evidence for comorbidity of pediatric RLS with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, and anxiety is reviewed as is the relationship to periodic limb movements in sleep and periodic limb movement disorder. The role of relative iron deficiency in pediatric RLS is discussed, along with new data indicating the benefit of iron therapy in reducing symptoms. Five genetic variants have been linked to RLS, an important finding in a condition that is highly familial in early-onset cases. Numerous case reports and case series indicate benefit for moderate to severe pediatric RLS with medication. However, to date, there have been no double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of therapy for pediatric RLS published. These and other recent advances relevant to pediatric RLS research are reviewed.
KW - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
KW - Children
KW - Ferritin
KW - Genetics
KW - Periodic limb movement disorder
KW - Periodic limb movements in sleep
KW - Restless legs syndrome
KW - Treatment
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U2 - 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.11.014
DO - 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.11.014
M3 - Review article
C2 - 20620105
AN - SCOPUS:77954958574
SN - 1389-9457
VL - 11
SP - 643
EP - 651
JO - Sleep Medicine
JF - Sleep Medicine
IS - 7
ER -