Adsorbents production from industrial wastes and their applications in hazard removal and nutrient recycling

Industrial wastes have emerged as promising precursors for the production of cost-effective adsorbents. This chapter provides a systematic overview of the valorization pathways converting these abundant industrial residues into functional materials for pollution control and nutrient recovery. Emphasis is placed on synthesis strategies and adsorption mechanisms governing the removal of hazardous contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. In parallel, the application of waste-derived adsorbents for nutrient recovery, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, is discussed in the context of the circular economy and resource recycling. The chapter highlights the multiple benefits of waste minimization and environmental remediation, positioning industrial wastes as viable feedstocks for next-generation adsorbents.