TY - JOUR
T1 - Acute phase protein concentrations following serial procaine penicillin G injections in horses
AU - Gordon, Danielle L.
AU - Foreman, Jonathan H.
AU - Connolly, Sara L.
AU - Schnelle, Amy N.
AU - Fan, Timothy M.
AU - Barger, Anne M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
PY - 2022/10/6
Y1 - 2022/10/6
N2 - Background: Acute phase protein (APP) measurement is used to detect inflammation. Intramuscular (IM) injections could cause tissue injury and induce an acute phase response (APR). Objectives: To evaluate the effects of IM procaine penicillin G (PPG) injections on APP concentrations in horses. Study design: Prospective longitudinal design. Methods: PPG was administered intramuscularly to six horses, twice daily, for 5 days. Plasma fibrinogen (FIB), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (HAP), creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were quantified daily for 5 days before the first injection, during the course of administration, and for 4 days after the final dose. Analytes were quantified every other day for the remaining 16 days. Data were compared using a parametric or non-parametric repeated measures ANOVA and a Tukey's or Mann–Whitney rank sum test, respectively. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: CK was increased over baseline (mean ± SD: 200 ± 74 IU/L) on Days 1–6 (p < 0.001 to p = 0.02, mean ± SD: 723–1177 ± 355–544 IU/L) and AST was increased above baseline (mean ± SD: 233 ± 58 IU/L) on Days 2–7 and 10 (p < 0.001 to p = 0.05, mean ± SD: 307–437 ± 79–146 IU/L). Increased FIB was noted over baseline (mean ± SD: 177 ± 30 mg/dl) on Days 6–8 and 10 (p = 0.02 to p = 0.03, mean ± SD: 234–252 ± 33–49 mg/dl). SAA was increased above baseline (mean ± SD: 4.7 ± 2.9) on Day 6 (p = 0.02, mean ± SD: 113 ± 186 μg/ml). There was no change in HAP. Main limitations: Healthy horses were used, small sample size, and a lack of a negative control group. Conclusions: Serial intramuscular procaine penicillin G (IM PPG) injections may result in increased positive APP concentrations in horses and this must be considered when these test results are interpreted.
AB - Background: Acute phase protein (APP) measurement is used to detect inflammation. Intramuscular (IM) injections could cause tissue injury and induce an acute phase response (APR). Objectives: To evaluate the effects of IM procaine penicillin G (PPG) injections on APP concentrations in horses. Study design: Prospective longitudinal design. Methods: PPG was administered intramuscularly to six horses, twice daily, for 5 days. Plasma fibrinogen (FIB), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (HAP), creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were quantified daily for 5 days before the first injection, during the course of administration, and for 4 days after the final dose. Analytes were quantified every other day for the remaining 16 days. Data were compared using a parametric or non-parametric repeated measures ANOVA and a Tukey's or Mann–Whitney rank sum test, respectively. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: CK was increased over baseline (mean ± SD: 200 ± 74 IU/L) on Days 1–6 (p < 0.001 to p = 0.02, mean ± SD: 723–1177 ± 355–544 IU/L) and AST was increased above baseline (mean ± SD: 233 ± 58 IU/L) on Days 2–7 and 10 (p < 0.001 to p = 0.05, mean ± SD: 307–437 ± 79–146 IU/L). Increased FIB was noted over baseline (mean ± SD: 177 ± 30 mg/dl) on Days 6–8 and 10 (p = 0.02 to p = 0.03, mean ± SD: 234–252 ± 33–49 mg/dl). SAA was increased above baseline (mean ± SD: 4.7 ± 2.9) on Day 6 (p = 0.02, mean ± SD: 113 ± 186 μg/ml). There was no change in HAP. Main limitations: Healthy horses were used, small sample size, and a lack of a negative control group. Conclusions: Serial intramuscular procaine penicillin G (IM PPG) injections may result in increased positive APP concentrations in horses and this must be considered when these test results are interpreted.
KW - horse
KW - fibrinogen
KW - serum amyloid A
KW - procaine penicillin G
KW - acute phase response
KW - acute phase proteins
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U2 - 10.1111/evj.13886
DO - 10.1111/evj.13886
M3 - Article
C2 - 36200352
JO - Equine veterinary journal. Supplement
JF - Equine veterinary journal. Supplement
SN - 2042-3306
ER -