Actin polymerization overshoots and ATP hydrolysis as assayed by pyrene fluorescence

We investigate via stochastic simulation the overshoots observed in the fluorescence intensity of pyrene-labeled actin during rapid polymerization. We show that previous assumptions about pyrene intensity that ignore the intensity differences between subunits in different ATP hydrolysis states are not consistent with experimental data. This strong sensitivity of intensity to hydrolysis state implies that a measured pyrene intensity curve does not immediately reveal the true polymerization kinetics. We show that there is an optimal range of hydrolysis and phosphate release rate combinations simultaneously consistent with measured polymerization data from previously published severing and Arp2/3 complex-induced branching experiments. Within this range, we find that the pyrene intensity curves are described very accurately by the following average relative intensity coefficients: 0.37 for F-ATP actin; 0.55 for F-ADP + P_i actin; and 0.75 for F-ADP actin. Finally, we present an analytic formula, which properly accounts for the sensitivity of the pyrene assay to hydrolysis state, for estimation of the concentration of free barbed ends from pyrene intensity curves.