TY - JOUR
T1 - A Validated Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Diagnosis of Infectious Leptospira spp.
T2 - A Novel Assay for the Detection and Differentiation of Strains From Both Pathogenic Groups I and II
AU - Pérez, Lester J.
AU - Lanka, Saraswathi
AU - DeShambo, Vanessa J.
AU - Fredrickson, Richard L.
AU - Maddox, Carol W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Therese Eggett and Namjung Jung from Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for the technical assistance provided in obtaining the reference material and samples. Funding. This work was supported by VDL research funding.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Pérez, Lanka, DeShambo, Fredrickson and Maddox.
PY - 2020/3/20
Y1 - 2020/3/20
N2 - Leptospirosis is recognized as the most globally widespread reemerging zoonosis and represents a serious threat for both human and animal health. Indeed, leptospirosis is linked to more than 60,000 human deaths per year and to incalculable economic burden as consequence of medical treatment costs and livestock loss. The increasing number of reports from species of pathogenic Leptospira spp. group II causing disease in both humans and animals constitutes an additional concern to the complex epidemiology of this zoonotic agent. Diagnostic methods based on qPCR have improved the diagnosis of Leptospira spp. in terms of cost, time, and reliability, but most of the validated assays fail to detect species from the pathogenic group II. Hence, the current study was aimed to develop and validate a novel multiplex qPCR to enable the specific and selective detection of the whole group of infectious Leptospira spp., including both pathogenic groups I and II and moreover, selectively discriminate between them. To fit the “fitness of purpose” for the specific detection of infectious Leptospira spp. and further discrimination between both pathogenic groups three target regions on the 16S RNA gene were selected. These targets facilitated a broad and selective spectrum for the detection of all infectious Leptospira spp. with the exclusion of all saprophytic groups and the novel clade of environmental Leptospira spp. The analytical sensitivity (ASe) showed by the new assay also enables a wide window of detection for the agent at different stages of infection since the assay was able to efficiently detect at 95% of confidence ∼5 leptospires/reaction. From the evaluation of the analytical specificity (ASp) by in silico and in vitro approaches, it was congruently revealed that the primers and probes selected only recognized the specific targets for which the assay was intended. Bayesian latent class analysis of performance of the new assay on 684 clinical samples showed values of diagnostic sensitivity of 99.8% and diagnostic specificity of 100%. Thus, from the evaluation of the analytical and diagnostic parameters, the new multiplex qPCR assay is a reliable method for the diagnosis of Leptospira spp.
AB - Leptospirosis is recognized as the most globally widespread reemerging zoonosis and represents a serious threat for both human and animal health. Indeed, leptospirosis is linked to more than 60,000 human deaths per year and to incalculable economic burden as consequence of medical treatment costs and livestock loss. The increasing number of reports from species of pathogenic Leptospira spp. group II causing disease in both humans and animals constitutes an additional concern to the complex epidemiology of this zoonotic agent. Diagnostic methods based on qPCR have improved the diagnosis of Leptospira spp. in terms of cost, time, and reliability, but most of the validated assays fail to detect species from the pathogenic group II. Hence, the current study was aimed to develop and validate a novel multiplex qPCR to enable the specific and selective detection of the whole group of infectious Leptospira spp., including both pathogenic groups I and II and moreover, selectively discriminate between them. To fit the “fitness of purpose” for the specific detection of infectious Leptospira spp. and further discrimination between both pathogenic groups three target regions on the 16S RNA gene were selected. These targets facilitated a broad and selective spectrum for the detection of all infectious Leptospira spp. with the exclusion of all saprophytic groups and the novel clade of environmental Leptospira spp. The analytical sensitivity (ASe) showed by the new assay also enables a wide window of detection for the agent at different stages of infection since the assay was able to efficiently detect at 95% of confidence ∼5 leptospires/reaction. From the evaluation of the analytical specificity (ASp) by in silico and in vitro approaches, it was congruently revealed that the primers and probes selected only recognized the specific targets for which the assay was intended. Bayesian latent class analysis of performance of the new assay on 684 clinical samples showed values of diagnostic sensitivity of 99.8% and diagnostic specificity of 100%. Thus, from the evaluation of the analytical and diagnostic parameters, the new multiplex qPCR assay is a reliable method for the diagnosis of Leptospira spp.
KW - Leptospiraspp
KW - molecular diagnostic
KW - multiplex real-time strategy
KW - pathogenic group I and II
KW - validation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083047456&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85083047456&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00457
DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00457
M3 - Article
C2 - 32265882
AN - SCOPUS:85083047456
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Microbiology
M1 - 457
ER -