TY - JOUR
T1 - A two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada, part 1
T2 - Prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens
AU - Brochu, Nancy M.
AU - Guerin, Michele T.
AU - Varga, Csaba
AU - Lillie, Brandon N.
AU - Brash, Marina L.
AU - Susta, Leonardo
PY - 2019/5/1
Y1 - 2019/5/1
N2 - In Ontario, within the past few years, there has been a marked increase in the number of non-commercial poultry flocks (referred to as “small flocks”). Small poultry flocks may act as a reservoir of avian and zoonotic pathogens, given the flocks’ limited access to veterinary services, inadequate biosecurity practices, and increased risk of contact with wild birds. Despite these potential risks, there is a scarcity of data concerning the prevalence of poultry and zoonotic pathogens among these flocks. To assess the baseline prevalence of bacterial and viral infectious pathogens, prospective surveillance of small flock postmortem submissions to the Animal Health Laboratory was conducted over a 2-y period. With the owner’s consent, a postmortem examination and pre-set tests for infectious agents were conducted. A total of 160 submissions, mainly chickens (84%), were received. Among bacterial pathogens, Brachyspira spp., Mycoplasma synoviae, Campylobacter spp., Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Salmonella spp. were detected in 37%, 36%, 35%, 23%, and 3% of tested submissions, respectively. Among viral pathogens, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl adenovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian reovirus, and infectious bursal disease virus were detected in 39%, 35%, 15%, 4%, and 1% of submissions, respectively. We detected non-virulent avian avulavirus 1 from two chickens in a single submission, and low-pathogenic H10N8 influenza A virus from a single turkey submission. Our study provides baseline prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens circulating in Ontario small flocks and may help animal and human health professionals to educate small flock owners about disease prevention.
AB - In Ontario, within the past few years, there has been a marked increase in the number of non-commercial poultry flocks (referred to as “small flocks”). Small poultry flocks may act as a reservoir of avian and zoonotic pathogens, given the flocks’ limited access to veterinary services, inadequate biosecurity practices, and increased risk of contact with wild birds. Despite these potential risks, there is a scarcity of data concerning the prevalence of poultry and zoonotic pathogens among these flocks. To assess the baseline prevalence of bacterial and viral infectious pathogens, prospective surveillance of small flock postmortem submissions to the Animal Health Laboratory was conducted over a 2-y period. With the owner’s consent, a postmortem examination and pre-set tests for infectious agents were conducted. A total of 160 submissions, mainly chickens (84%), were received. Among bacterial pathogens, Brachyspira spp., Mycoplasma synoviae, Campylobacter spp., Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Salmonella spp. were detected in 37%, 36%, 35%, 23%, and 3% of tested submissions, respectively. Among viral pathogens, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl adenovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian reovirus, and infectious bursal disease virus were detected in 39%, 35%, 15%, 4%, and 1% of submissions, respectively. We detected non-virulent avian avulavirus 1 from two chickens in a single submission, and low-pathogenic H10N8 influenza A virus from a single turkey submission. Our study provides baseline prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens circulating in Ontario small flocks and may help animal and human health professionals to educate small flock owners about disease prevention.
KW - avian avulavirus 1
KW - avian influenza virus
KW - backyard flocks
KW - disease surveillance
KW - epidemiology
KW - infectious laryngotracheitis virus
KW - mixed respiratory infection
KW - poultry pathogens
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064533370&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85064533370&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/1040638719843577
DO - 10.1177/1040638719843577
M3 - Article
C2 - 30973091
AN - SCOPUS:85064533370
VL - 31
SP - 327
EP - 335
JO - Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
JF - Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
SN - 1040-6387
IS - 3
ER -