@article{d6077b1bf9954c50b6a2c7874616c94a,
title = "A smart coating with integrated physical antimicrobial and strain-mapping functionalities for orthopedic implants",
abstract = "The prevalence of orthopedic implants is increasing with an aging population. These patients are vulnerable to risks from periprosthetic infections and instrument failures. Here, we present a dual-functional smart polymer foil coating compatible with commercial orthopedic implants to address both septic and aseptic failures. Its outer surface features optimum bioinspired mechano-bactericidal nanostructures, capable of killing a wide spectrum of attached pathogens through a physical process to reduce the risk of bacterial infection, without directly releasing any chemicals or harming mammalian cells. On its inner surface in contact with the implant, an array of strain gauges with multiplexing transistors, built on single-crystalline silicon nanomembranes, is incorporated to map the strain experienced by the implant with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, providing information about bone-implant biomechanics for early diagnosis to minimize the probability of catastrophic instrument failures. Their multimodal functionalities, performance, biocompatibility, and stability are authenticated in sheep posterolateral fusion model and rodent implant infection model.",
author = "Yi Zhang and Jinsong Cui and Kuan-Yu Chen and Kuo, {Shanny Hsuan} and Jaishree Sharma and Rimsha Bhatta and Zheng Liu and Austin Ellis-Mohr and Fufei An and Jiahui Li and Qian Chen and Foss, {Kari D} and Hua Wang and Yumeng Li and McCoy, {Annette M} and Lau, {Gee W} and Qing Cao",
note = "Acknowledgments: This work was conducted in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Research Fa cilities and Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois. W e thank Y . Jiang and J. Cheng for helpful discussions and D. Ehrhardt for helping with the mechanical measurements. Funding: This work was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grant CBET 2015292 (to Q.Ca. and Y .L.), U.S. National Science Foundation grant GCR 2121003 (to Q.Ca. and H.W .), U.S. Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs grant OR200060 (to Q.Ca., G.W .L., and A.M.M.), MRL-PPG Graduate Fellowship (to Y .Z. and F .A.), and Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant AFOSR FA9550-20-1-0257 (to J.L. and Q.Ch.). Author contributions: Q.Ca. conceived the ideas and supervised the project. Y .Z., K.-Y .C, F .A., and G.W .L. fabricated the biomimetic mechano-bactericidal nanopillar arrays and assessed their in vitro bactericidal efficacy. Y .Z. and J.C. fabricated and characterized the multiplexed strain-sensing arrays. S.H.K. evaluated the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the nanopillar arrays and performed the histopathological analysis. J.S. harves ted lymph nodes, and R.B. and H.W . performed the flow cytometry analysis of immune cells. A.E.-M. built the wireless near-field communication system for telemetry demo. Z.L. and Y .L. performed the mechanical analysis and biomechanical simulations. J.L. and Q.Ch. performed the FIB-SEM analysis. A.M.M., S.H.K., and G.W .L. performed the surgical implantation in mice. A.M.M. and K.D.F . performed the surgical implantation in sheep. G.W .L. performed the in vivo bacterial challenge studies in mice. Y .Z. and Q.Ca. wrote the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. Competing interests: Y .Z. and Q.Ca. are also authors on a pending patent application entitled “Nanostructured bactericidal polymer foil” (application number: US 17/460,561), which was submitted by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois to United States Pa tent and Tr ademark Office on 08/30/2021 and is currently waiting for examination. The authors declare that they have no other competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and /or the Supplementary Materials.",
year = "2023",
month = may,
doi = "10.1126/sciadv.adg7397",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
pages = "eadg7397",
journal = "Science Advances",
issn = "2375-2548",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "18",
}