TY - JOUR
T1 - A Review of Equation-of-State Models for Inertial Confinement Fusion Materials
AU - Gaffney, J. A.
AU - Hu, S. X.
AU - Arnault, P.
AU - Becker, A.
AU - Benedict, L. X.
AU - Boehly, T. R.
AU - Celliers, P. M.
AU - Ceperley, D. M.
AU - Čertík, O.
AU - Clérouin, J.
AU - Collins, G. W.
AU - Collins, L. A.
AU - Danel, J. F.
AU - Desbiens, N.
AU - Dharma-wardana, M. W.C.
AU - Ding, Y. H.
AU - Fernandez-Pañella, A.
AU - Gregor, M. C.
AU - Grabowski, P. E.
AU - Hamel, S.
AU - Hansen, S. B.
AU - Harbour, L.
AU - He, X. T.
AU - Johnson, D. D.
AU - Kang, W.
AU - Karasiev, V. V.
AU - Kazandjian, L.
AU - Knudson, M. D.
AU - Ogitsu, T.
AU - Pierleoni, C.
AU - Piron, R.
AU - Redmer, R.
AU - Robert, G.
AU - Saumon, D.
AU - Shamp, A.
AU - Sjostrom, T.
AU - Smirnov, A. V.
AU - Starrett, C. E.
AU - Sterne, P. A.
AU - Wardlow, A.
AU - Whitley, H. D.
AU - Wilson, B.
AU - Zhang, P.
AU - Zurek, E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 , by Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 and the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester under Award No. DE-NA0001944 . S.H. was supported by Sandia National Laboratories, a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525 and by the U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Science Early Career Research Program, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under FWP-14-017426 . D.D.J. and A.V.S. were partially funded for KKR results by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Fusion Energy Sciences through Ames Laboratory, which is operated by Iowa State University for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11358 . A.S. acknowledges financial support from the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0002006 . W. K. acknowledges financial support from NSAF Joint Fund (Grant No. U1530113 ). V.V.K. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC 0002139 and by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0001944 . AB and RR thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for support via the SFB 652 .
Funding Information:
This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, by Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 and the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester under Award No. DE-NA0001944. S.H. was supported by Sandia National Laboratories, a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525 and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Early Career Research Program, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under FWP-14-017426. D.D.J. and A.V.S. were partially funded for KKR results by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Fusion Energy Sciences through Ames Laboratory, which is operated by Iowa State University for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. A.S. acknowledges financial support from the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0002006. W. K. acknowledges financial support from NSAF Joint Fund (Grant No. U1530113). V.V.K. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC 0002139 and by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0001944. AB and RR thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for support via the SFB 652.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/9
Y1 - 2018/9
N2 - Material equation-of-state (EOS) models, generally providing the pressure and internal energy for a given density and temperature, are required to close the equations of hydrodynamics. As a result they are an essential piece of physics used to simulate inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. Historically, EOS models based on different physical/chemical pictures of matter have been developed for ICF relevant materials such as the deuterium (D2) or deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel, as well as candidate ablator materials such as polystyrene (CH), glow-discharge polymer (GDP), beryllium (Be), carbon (C), and boron carbide (B4C). The accuracy of these EOS models can directly affect the reliability of ICF target design and understanding, as shock timing and material compressibility are essentially determined by what EOS models are used in ICF simulations. Systematic comparisons of current EOS models, benchmarking with experiments, not only help us to understand what the model differences are and why they occur, but also to identify the state-of-the-art EOS models for ICF target designers to use. For this purpose, the first Equation-of-State Workshop, supported by the US Department of Energy's ICF program, was held at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), University of Rochester on 31 May–2nd June, 2017. This paper presents a detailed review on the findings from this workshop: (1) 5–10% model-model variations exist throughout the relevant parameter space, and can be much larger in regions where ionization and dissociation are occurring, (2) the D2 EOS is particularly uncertain, with no single model able to match the available experimental data, and this drives similar uncertainties in the CH EOS, and (3) new experimental capabilities such as Hugoniot measurements around 100 Mbar and high-quality temperature measurements are essential to reducing EOS uncertainty.
AB - Material equation-of-state (EOS) models, generally providing the pressure and internal energy for a given density and temperature, are required to close the equations of hydrodynamics. As a result they are an essential piece of physics used to simulate inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. Historically, EOS models based on different physical/chemical pictures of matter have been developed for ICF relevant materials such as the deuterium (D2) or deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel, as well as candidate ablator materials such as polystyrene (CH), glow-discharge polymer (GDP), beryllium (Be), carbon (C), and boron carbide (B4C). The accuracy of these EOS models can directly affect the reliability of ICF target design and understanding, as shock timing and material compressibility are essentially determined by what EOS models are used in ICF simulations. Systematic comparisons of current EOS models, benchmarking with experiments, not only help us to understand what the model differences are and why they occur, but also to identify the state-of-the-art EOS models for ICF target designers to use. For this purpose, the first Equation-of-State Workshop, supported by the US Department of Energy's ICF program, was held at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), University of Rochester on 31 May–2nd June, 2017. This paper presents a detailed review on the findings from this workshop: (1) 5–10% model-model variations exist throughout the relevant parameter space, and can be much larger in regions where ionization and dissociation are occurring, (2) the D2 EOS is particularly uncertain, with no single model able to match the available experimental data, and this drives similar uncertainties in the CH EOS, and (3) new experimental capabilities such as Hugoniot measurements around 100 Mbar and high-quality temperature measurements are essential to reducing EOS uncertainty.
KW - Equation of state
KW - High energy density physics
KW - Inertial confinement fusion
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U2 - 10.1016/j.hedp.2018.08.001
DO - 10.1016/j.hedp.2018.08.001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85052877338
SN - 1574-1818
VL - 28
SP - 7
EP - 24
JO - High Energy Density Physics
JF - High Energy Density Physics
ER -