TY - JOUR
T1 - A Reduced-Calorie Dietary Pattern Including a Daily Sweet Snack Promotes Body Weight Reduction and Body Composition Improvements in Premenopausal Women Who Are Overweight and Obese
T2 - A Pilot Study
AU - Piehowski, Kathryn E.
AU - Preston, Amy G.
AU - Miller, Debra L.
AU - Nickols-Richardson, Sharon M.
N1 - Funding Information:
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: This research was supported by a grant from The Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition , The Hershey Company, including provision of dark chocolate and licorice snacks and cocoa-based and non-cocoa beverages to the corresponding author in addition to graduate research assistant support for the first author. Funding also was provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Grant M01 RR 10732 , for services from the General Clinical Research Center at The Pennsylvania State University. Graduate research fellowships were provided to the first author through the American Dietetic Association, the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, and The Pennsylvania State University. The second and third authors are employed by The Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition, The Hershey Company, who funded this study. The first and last authors are employed by The Pennsylvania State University.
Funding Information:
FUNDING/SUPPORT: This research was supported by a grant from The Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition , The Hershey Company, including provision of dark chocolate and licorice snacks and cocoa-based and non-cocoa beverages to the corresponding author in addition to graduate research assistant support for the first author. Funding also was provided by the NIH , Grant M01 RR 10732 , for services from the General Clinical Research Center at The Pennsylvania State University. Graduate research fellowships were provided to the first author through the American Dietetic Association, the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, and The Pennsylvania State University. The second and third authors are employed by The Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition, The Hershey Company, who funded this study. The first and last authors are employed by The Pennsylvania State University.
PY - 2011/8
Y1 - 2011/8
N2 - Reduced-calorie diets are difficult to follow because they often require elimination of certain foods, leading to poor compliance and limited success. However, a low-calorie, nutrient-dense diet has the potential to accommodate a daily snack without exceeding energy requirements, even during weight loss. This pilot study evaluated the effects of a reduced-calorie diet including either a daily dark chocolate snack or a non-chocolate snack on anthropometric and body composition measurements. In a randomized clinical trial, 26 overweight and obese (body mass index ≥25 to ≤43) premenopausal women were assigned to a reduced-calorie diet that included either a daily dark chocolate snack or non-chocolate snack (n=13 per group) for 18 weeks. At baseline and end of study, body weight and waist and hip circumferences were measured along with fat mass, lean mass, and body fat percentage by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Energy and macronutrient intakes were estimated from 4-day food records. Within- and between-group changes from baseline were analyzed using paired t tests and independent t tests, respectively. Women in both snack groups reduced estimated daily energy intake (P<0.001). Women in both the dark chocolate snack and non-chocolate snack groups, respectively, experienced decreases (P<0.001) in body weight (-5.1 vs -5.1 kg), hip circumference (-5.8 vs -5.4 cm), waist circumference (-5.7 vs -3.5 cm), fat mass (-3.9 vs -3.6 kg), and body fat percentage (-3.4% vs -3.1%), with no change in lean mass. Improvements in anthropometric and body composition measurements among overweight and obese premenopausal women can be achieved with a reduced-calorie diet including either a daily dark chocolate snack or non-chocolate snack.
AB - Reduced-calorie diets are difficult to follow because they often require elimination of certain foods, leading to poor compliance and limited success. However, a low-calorie, nutrient-dense diet has the potential to accommodate a daily snack without exceeding energy requirements, even during weight loss. This pilot study evaluated the effects of a reduced-calorie diet including either a daily dark chocolate snack or a non-chocolate snack on anthropometric and body composition measurements. In a randomized clinical trial, 26 overweight and obese (body mass index ≥25 to ≤43) premenopausal women were assigned to a reduced-calorie diet that included either a daily dark chocolate snack or non-chocolate snack (n=13 per group) for 18 weeks. At baseline and end of study, body weight and waist and hip circumferences were measured along with fat mass, lean mass, and body fat percentage by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Energy and macronutrient intakes were estimated from 4-day food records. Within- and between-group changes from baseline were analyzed using paired t tests and independent t tests, respectively. Women in both snack groups reduced estimated daily energy intake (P<0.001). Women in both the dark chocolate snack and non-chocolate snack groups, respectively, experienced decreases (P<0.001) in body weight (-5.1 vs -5.1 kg), hip circumference (-5.8 vs -5.4 cm), waist circumference (-5.7 vs -3.5 cm), fat mass (-3.9 vs -3.6 kg), and body fat percentage (-3.4% vs -3.1%), with no change in lean mass. Improvements in anthropometric and body composition measurements among overweight and obese premenopausal women can be achieved with a reduced-calorie diet including either a daily dark chocolate snack or non-chocolate snack.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.013
DO - 10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.013
M3 - Article
C2 - 21802567
AN - SCOPUS:79960793844
SN - 0002-8223
VL - 111
SP - 1198
EP - 1203
JO - Journal of the American Dietetic Association
JF - Journal of the American Dietetic Association
IS - 8
ER -