TY - JOUR
T1 - A Midsagittal-View Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Growth and Involution of the Adenoid Mass and Related Changes in Selected Velopharyngeal Structures
AU - Perry, Jamie L.
AU - Haenssler, Abigail E.
AU - Kotlarek, Katelyn J.
AU - Fang, Xiangming
AU - Middleton, Shea
AU - Mason, Robert
AU - Kuehn, David P.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant 1R03DC009676-01 awarded to Perry, Sutton, and Kuehn. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The study was also funded by the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates Biomedical Engineering in Simulations, Imaging and Modeling, Award EEC-1659796. In addition, data and/ or research tools used in the preparation of this article were obtained, in part, from the NIH-supported National Database for Autism Research (NDAR). The NDAR is a collaborative informatics system created by the NIH to provide a national resource to support and accelerate research in autism. Data set identifier(s): 10.15154/1524720. This article reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or of the submitters submitting original data to the NDAR. Data used in the preparation of this article were also obtained, in part, from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (https://abcdstudy.org), held in the NIMH Data Archive. This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children ages 9–10 years and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the NIH and additional federal partners under Award Numbers U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA041048, U01DA041089, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041120, U01DA041134, U01DA041148, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U24DA041123, U24DA041147, U01DA041093, and U01DA041025. A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html. A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/Consortium_ Members.pdf. ABCD consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data but did not necessarily participate in analysis or writing of this report. This article reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or ABCD consortium investigators.
Funding Information:
This study was funded by the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant 1R03DC009676-01 awarded to Perry, Sutton, and Kuehn. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The study was also funded by the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates Biomedical Engineering in Simulations, Imaging and Modeling, Award EEC-1659796. In addition, data and/ or research tools used in the preparation of this article were obtained, in part, from the NIH-supported National Database for Autism Research (NDAR). The NDAR is a collaborative informatics system created by the NIH to provide a national resource to support and accelerate research in autism. Data set identifier(s): 10.15154/1524720. This article reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or of the submitters submitting original data to the NDAR. Data used in the preparation of this article were also obtained, in part, from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (https://abcdstudy.org), held in the NIMH Data Archive. This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children ages 9?10 years and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the NIH and additional federal partners under Award Numbers U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA041048, U01DA041089, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041120, U01DA041134, U01DA041148, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U24DA041123, U24DA041147, U01DA041093, and U01DA041025. A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html. A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/Consortium_ Members.pdf. ABCD consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data but did not necessarily participate in analysis or writing of this report. This article reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or ABCD consortium investigators.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - Purpose: The adenoids, or pharyngeal tonsils, consist of a pad of lymphoid tissue, located on the posterior pharyngeal wall of the nasopharynx. During childhood, the adenoid pad serves as a contact site for the soft palate to assist with velopharyngeal closure during oral speech. During adenoidal involution, most children are able to maintain appropriate velopharyngeal closure necessary for normal speech resonance. The purpose of this study is to determine age-related trends of normal adenoid growth and involution from infancy through adulthood. Method/Description: Lateral view magnetic resonance imaging was used to analyze velopharyngeal variables among 270 participants, between 3 months and 34 years of age. The velopharyngeal measures of interest included velar length, effective velar length, pharyngeal depth, adenoid height, adenoid thickness, adenoid depth, and adenoid area. Participants were divided into four age groups for statistical comparison. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p < .05) in all linear and area measurements between the four age groups. Adenoid depth reached peak growth at age 4 years, whereas adenoid height and adenoid thickness peaked at 8 years of age. Qualitatively, adenoid growth progresses in an anterior and inferior direction whereas involution occurs in a posterior and superior direction. Conclusions: This study contributes to the knowledge of time specific changes across an age span for adenoid growth and involution and presents a visualization of the shape and growth trends of adenoids. A new sequence of involution is reported beginning first with adenoid depth, followed by adenoid height at a slightly faster rate than adenoid thickness.
AB - Purpose: The adenoids, or pharyngeal tonsils, consist of a pad of lymphoid tissue, located on the posterior pharyngeal wall of the nasopharynx. During childhood, the adenoid pad serves as a contact site for the soft palate to assist with velopharyngeal closure during oral speech. During adenoidal involution, most children are able to maintain appropriate velopharyngeal closure necessary for normal speech resonance. The purpose of this study is to determine age-related trends of normal adenoid growth and involution from infancy through adulthood. Method/Description: Lateral view magnetic resonance imaging was used to analyze velopharyngeal variables among 270 participants, between 3 months and 34 years of age. The velopharyngeal measures of interest included velar length, effective velar length, pharyngeal depth, adenoid height, adenoid thickness, adenoid depth, and adenoid area. Participants were divided into four age groups for statistical comparison. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p < .05) in all linear and area measurements between the four age groups. Adenoid depth reached peak growth at age 4 years, whereas adenoid height and adenoid thickness peaked at 8 years of age. Qualitatively, adenoid growth progresses in an anterior and inferior direction whereas involution occurs in a posterior and superior direction. Conclusions: This study contributes to the knowledge of time specific changes across an age span for adenoid growth and involution and presents a visualization of the shape and growth trends of adenoids. A new sequence of involution is reported beginning first with adenoid depth, followed by adenoid height at a slightly faster rate than adenoid thickness.
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85128160306&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-21-00514
DO - 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-21-00514
M3 - Article
C2 - 35239427
AN - SCOPUS:85128160306
SN - 1092-4388
VL - 65
SP - 1282
EP - 1293
JO - Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
JF - Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
IS - 4
ER -