TY - JOUR
T1 - A Highly Contiguous Genome Assembly of a Polyphagous Predatory Mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Acari: Laelapidae)
AU - Yan, Yi
AU - Zhang, Na
AU - Liu, Chenglin
AU - Wu, Xinran
AU - Liu, Kai
AU - Yin, Zhan
AU - Zhou, Xuguo
AU - Xie, Lixia
N1 - The authors would like to thank Prof. Zhi-Qiang Zhang (Landcare Research and University of Auckland, New Zealand) for his comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31970401 and 31501847), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2020MC046), and National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China (Grant No. 2018FY100300).
PY - 2021/3/1
Y1 - 2021/3/1
N2 - As a polyphagous soil-dwelling predatory mite, Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Acari: Laelapidae), formerly known as Stratiolaelapsmiles(Berlese),isnativeto the Northernhemisphereandpreysonsoilinvertebrates,includingfungusgnats,springtails, thrips nymphs, nematodes, and other species of mites. Already mass-produced and commercialized in North America, Europe, Oceania and China, S. scimitus will highly likely be introduced to other countries and regions as a biocontrol agent against edaphic pests in the near future. The introduction, however, can lead to unexpected genetic changes within populations of biological control agents, which might decrease the efficacy of pest management or increase the risks to local environments. To better understand the genetic basis of its biology and behavior, we sequenced and assembled the draft genome of S. scimitus using the PacBio Sequel platform II. We generated ~150×(64.81 Gb) PacBio long reads with an average read length of 12.60 kb. Reads longer than 5 kb were assembled into contigs, resulting in the final assembly of 158 contigs with an N50 length of 7.66 Mb, and captured 93.1% of the BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) gene set (n= 1,066). We identified 16.39% (69.91 Mb) repetitive elements, 1,686 noncoding RNAs, and 13,305 protein-coding genes, which represented 95.8% BUSCO completeness. Combining analyses of genome family evolution and function enrichment of gene ontology and pathway, a total of 135 families experienced significant expansions, which were mainly involved in digestion, detoxification, immunity, and venom. Major expansions of the detoxification enzymes, that is, P450s and carboxylesterases, suggest a possible genetic mechanism underlying polyphagy and ecological adaptions. Our high-quality genome assembly and annotation provide new insights on the evolutionary biology, soil ecology, and biological control for predaceous mites.
AB - As a polyphagous soil-dwelling predatory mite, Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Acari: Laelapidae), formerly known as Stratiolaelapsmiles(Berlese),isnativeto the Northernhemisphereandpreysonsoilinvertebrates,includingfungusgnats,springtails, thrips nymphs, nematodes, and other species of mites. Already mass-produced and commercialized in North America, Europe, Oceania and China, S. scimitus will highly likely be introduced to other countries and regions as a biocontrol agent against edaphic pests in the near future. The introduction, however, can lead to unexpected genetic changes within populations of biological control agents, which might decrease the efficacy of pest management or increase the risks to local environments. To better understand the genetic basis of its biology and behavior, we sequenced and assembled the draft genome of S. scimitus using the PacBio Sequel platform II. We generated ~150×(64.81 Gb) PacBio long reads with an average read length of 12.60 kb. Reads longer than 5 kb were assembled into contigs, resulting in the final assembly of 158 contigs with an N50 length of 7.66 Mb, and captured 93.1% of the BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) gene set (n= 1,066). We identified 16.39% (69.91 Mb) repetitive elements, 1,686 noncoding RNAs, and 13,305 protein-coding genes, which represented 95.8% BUSCO completeness. Combining analyses of genome family evolution and function enrichment of gene ontology and pathway, a total of 135 families experienced significant expansions, which were mainly involved in digestion, detoxification, immunity, and venom. Major expansions of the detoxification enzymes, that is, P450s and carboxylesterases, suggest a possible genetic mechanism underlying polyphagy and ecological adaptions. Our high-quality genome assembly and annotation provide new insights on the evolutionary biology, soil ecology, and biological control for predaceous mites.
KW - comparative genomics
KW - detoxification
KW - gene family evolution
KW - genome annotation
KW - Laelapidae
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102657522&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85102657522&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/gbe/evab011
DO - 10.1093/gbe/evab011
M3 - Article
C2 - 33528489
AN - SCOPUS:85102657522
SN - 1759-6653
VL - 13
JO - Genome biology and evolution
JF - Genome biology and evolution
IS - 3
M1 - evab011
ER -