TY - JOUR
T1 - A frequency and time domain study of the horizontal and vertical vestibuloocular reflex in the pigeon
AU - Anastasio, T. J.
AU - Correia, M. J.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1988
Y1 - 1988
N2 - The horizontal and vertical vestibuloocular reflex (HVOR and VVOR, respectively) was studied in four chronically instrumented pigeons. Eye movements were measured, using the magnetic search-coil technique and were produced by rotation in the dark. During the rotation paradigms, the pigeons were either pharmacologically aroused (using amphetamine) or drug free (normal). The pigeon HVOR and VVOR were tested using step and sinusoidal rotational stimulation. The range of frequencies (0.03-6.0 Hz) and the magnitude of the sinusoidal stimuli were chosen to match those used in a previous study of the responses of semicircular canal primary afferents (SCPAs) in unanesthetized (i.e., normal) pigeons. The gain of the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons was independent of stimulus magnitude (6-30°/s) over the frequency range tested. In aroused pigeons, the frequency independent gain (G) of the HVOR (G = 0.6) and VVOR (G = 0.9) was roughly twice that for normal pigeons. Pigeon VOR phase under all combinations of orientation and arousal level was independent of stimulus magnitude except at the lowest frequency tested (0.03 Hz). At this frequency, phase lead decreased as stimulus magnitude increased for the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. The step and sinusoidal gains were greater for the VVOR than for the HVOR under the same level of arousal. Neither the gain nor the dominant time constant of the VOR (τ(vor)) differed for rotation direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) for the HVOR or VVOR in normal or aroused pigeons. The mean value of τ(vor) was 4.0 ± 0.5 (SE) s as estimated from frequency response data and 4.3 ± 0.4 s as estimated from step response data for the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. In comparison, the mean value of the dominant or cupular time constant (τ(c)) of normal pigeon SCPAs was ~10 s as estimated from frequency response data. These results indicate that τ(vor) is shorter than τ(c) in the pigeon. At higher frequencies, the pigeon HVOR and VVOR exhibit an increasing phase lag unaccompanied by a gain change - characteristics produced by a pure time delay. The value of this time delay was about 7 ms for both the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. The HVOR and VVOR in normal and aroused pigeons lacked the higher frequency lead characteristics present in the frequency responses of most pigeon SCPAs.
AB - The horizontal and vertical vestibuloocular reflex (HVOR and VVOR, respectively) was studied in four chronically instrumented pigeons. Eye movements were measured, using the magnetic search-coil technique and were produced by rotation in the dark. During the rotation paradigms, the pigeons were either pharmacologically aroused (using amphetamine) or drug free (normal). The pigeon HVOR and VVOR were tested using step and sinusoidal rotational stimulation. The range of frequencies (0.03-6.0 Hz) and the magnitude of the sinusoidal stimuli were chosen to match those used in a previous study of the responses of semicircular canal primary afferents (SCPAs) in unanesthetized (i.e., normal) pigeons. The gain of the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons was independent of stimulus magnitude (6-30°/s) over the frequency range tested. In aroused pigeons, the frequency independent gain (G) of the HVOR (G = 0.6) and VVOR (G = 0.9) was roughly twice that for normal pigeons. Pigeon VOR phase under all combinations of orientation and arousal level was independent of stimulus magnitude except at the lowest frequency tested (0.03 Hz). At this frequency, phase lead decreased as stimulus magnitude increased for the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. The step and sinusoidal gains were greater for the VVOR than for the HVOR under the same level of arousal. Neither the gain nor the dominant time constant of the VOR (τ(vor)) differed for rotation direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) for the HVOR or VVOR in normal or aroused pigeons. The mean value of τ(vor) was 4.0 ± 0.5 (SE) s as estimated from frequency response data and 4.3 ± 0.4 s as estimated from step response data for the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. In comparison, the mean value of the dominant or cupular time constant (τ(c)) of normal pigeon SCPAs was ~10 s as estimated from frequency response data. These results indicate that τ(vor) is shorter than τ(c) in the pigeon. At higher frequencies, the pigeon HVOR and VVOR exhibit an increasing phase lag unaccompanied by a gain change - characteristics produced by a pure time delay. The value of this time delay was about 7 ms for both the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. The HVOR and VVOR in normal and aroused pigeons lacked the higher frequency lead characteristics present in the frequency responses of most pigeon SCPAs.
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U2 - 10.1152/jn.1988.59.4.1143
DO - 10.1152/jn.1988.59.4.1143
M3 - Article
C2 - 3373272
AN - SCOPUS:0023919363
SN - 0022-3077
VL - 59
SP - 1143
EP - 1161
JO - Journal of neurophysiology
JF - Journal of neurophysiology
IS - 4
ER -