TY - JOUR
T1 - A five-gene molecular phylogeny reveals Parapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera
T2 - Braconidae) to be polyphyletic as currently composed
AU - Parks, K. S.
AU - Janzen, D. H.
AU - Hallwachs, W.
AU - Fernández-Triana, J.
AU - Dyer, L. A.
AU - Rodriguez, J. J.
AU - Arias-Penna, D. C.
AU - Whitfield, J. B.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation grants DEB 1146119 and DEB 1442103 . We would also like to thank Shuyang Jin for assistance with PCR amplification. We thank the National Institute of Biodiversity - Ecuador (INABIO) for support and the Ministry of the Environment of Ecuador for providing permits under the genetic access contract MAE-DNB-CM-2016-0045 and the project “Interacciones entre plantas, orugas, y parasitoides de los Andes del Ecuador.”
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Parapanteles Ashmead (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) is a medium-sized genus of microgastrine wasps that was erected over a century ago and lacks a unique synapomorphic character, and its monophyly has not been tested by any means. Parapanteles usually are parasitoids of large, unconcealed caterpillars (macrolepidoptera) and have been reared from an unusually large diversity of hosts for a relatively small microgastrine genus. We used Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences (“DNA barcodes”) available for Parapanteles and other microgastrines to sample the generic diversity of described and undescribed species currently placed in Parapanteles, and then sequenced four additional genes for this subsample (wingless, elongation factor 1-alpha, ribosomal subunit 28s, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1). We constructed individual gene trees and concatenated Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenies for this 5-gene subsample. In these phylogenies, most Parapanteles species formed a monophyletic clade within another genus, Dolichogenidea, while the remaining Parapanteles species were recovered polyphyletically within several other genera. The latter likely represent misidentified members of other morphologically similar genera. Species in the monophyletic clade containing most Parapanteles parasitized caterpillars from only five families - Erebidae (Arctiinae), Geometridae, Saturniidae, Notodontidae, and Crambidae. We do not make any formal taxonomic decisions here because we were not able to include representatives of type species for Parapanteles or other relevant genera, and because we feel such decisions should be reserved until a comprehensive morphological analysis of the boundaries of these genera is accomplished.
AB - Parapanteles Ashmead (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) is a medium-sized genus of microgastrine wasps that was erected over a century ago and lacks a unique synapomorphic character, and its monophyly has not been tested by any means. Parapanteles usually are parasitoids of large, unconcealed caterpillars (macrolepidoptera) and have been reared from an unusually large diversity of hosts for a relatively small microgastrine genus. We used Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences (“DNA barcodes”) available for Parapanteles and other microgastrines to sample the generic diversity of described and undescribed species currently placed in Parapanteles, and then sequenced four additional genes for this subsample (wingless, elongation factor 1-alpha, ribosomal subunit 28s, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1). We constructed individual gene trees and concatenated Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenies for this 5-gene subsample. In these phylogenies, most Parapanteles species formed a monophyletic clade within another genus, Dolichogenidea, while the remaining Parapanteles species were recovered polyphyletically within several other genera. The latter likely represent misidentified members of other morphologically similar genera. Species in the monophyletic clade containing most Parapanteles parasitized caterpillars from only five families - Erebidae (Arctiinae), Geometridae, Saturniidae, Notodontidae, and Crambidae. We do not make any formal taxonomic decisions here because we were not able to include representatives of type species for Parapanteles or other relevant genera, and because we feel such decisions should be reserved until a comprehensive morphological analysis of the boundaries of these genera is accomplished.
KW - Braconidae
KW - DNA barcoding
KW - Host use
KW - Microgastrinae
KW - Molecular phylogenetics
KW - Parapanteles
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85086589144&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85086589144&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106859
DO - 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106859
M3 - Article
C2 - 32497831
AN - SCOPUS:85086589144
VL - 150
JO - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
JF - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
SN - 1055-7903
M1 - 106859
ER -