@article{16d700d0c83a41c8bf6e65501d45829e,
title = "A Comparison of Dietary Intake Between Individuals Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis in the United Kingdom and China",
abstract = "Objective: Protein-energy wasting is highly prevalent in people with end-stage kidney disease receiving regular hemodialysis. Currently, it is unclear what the optimal nutritional recommendations are, which is further complicated by differences in dietary patterns between countries. The aim of the study was to understand and compare dietary intake between individuals receiving hemodialysis in Leicester, UK and Nantong, China. Methods: The study assessed 40 UK and 44 Chinese participants{\textquoteright} dietary intake over a period of 14 days using 24-hour diet recall interviews. Nutritional blood parameters were obtained from medical records. Food consumed by participants in the UK and China was analyzed using the Nutritics and Nutrition calculator to quantify nutritional intake. Results: Energy and protein intake were comparable between UK and Chinese participants, but with both below the recommended daily intake. Potassium intake was higher in UK participants compared to Chinese participants (2,115 [888] versus 1,159 [861] mg/d; P < .001), as was calcium (618 [257] versus 360 [312] mg/d; P < .001) and phosphate intake (927 [485] versus 697 [434] mg/d; P = .007). Vitamin C intake was lower in UK participants compared to their Chinese counterparts (39 [51] versus 64 [42] mg/d; P = .024). Data are reported here as median (interquartile range). Conclusion: Both UK and Chinese hemodialysis participants have insufficient protein and energy in their diet. New strategies are required to increase protein and energy intakes. All participants had inadequate daily intake of vitamins C and D; there may well be a role in the oral supplementation of these vitamins, and further studies are urgently needed.",
author = "Yan Song and March, {Daniel S.} and Annabel Biruete and Kistler, {Brandon M.} and Nixon, {Daniel D.G.} and Highton, {Patrick J.} and Vogt, {Barbara P.} and Nicola Ruddock and Wilund, {Kenneth R.} and Smith, {Alice C.} and Burton, {James O.}",
note = "Funding Information: This report is independent research funded by the Stoneygate Trust and supported by the National Institute for Health Research ( NIHR ) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre . The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Funding Information: Financial Disclosure: B.P.V. was funded by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordena{\c c}∼ao de Aperfei{\c c}oamento de Pessoal de Nı'vel Superior), an organization of the Brazilian federal government under the Ministry of Education. A.B. was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) T32AR065971 and received honoraria from Amgen and research grants from Keryx Pharmaceuticals for work unrelated to the present manuscript. B.M.K. is a consultant for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Approval has been obtained from all authors prior to submission. Y.S. received financial support for the research presented in this article from the Social Livelihood Science and Technology Fund of Nantong (MS12019009)This report is independent research funded by the Stoneygate Trust and supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Support: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Funding Information: Financial Disclosure: B.P.V. was funded by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordena{\c c}∼ao de Aperfei{\c c}oamento de Pessoal de Nı'vel Superior), an organization of the Brazilian federal government under the Ministry of Education . A.B. was supported by the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) T32AR065971 and received honoraria from Amgen and research grants from Keryx Pharmaceuticals for work unrelated to the present manuscript. B.M.K. is a consultant for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Approval has been obtained from all authors prior to submission. Y.S. received financial support for the research presented in this article from the Social Livelihood Science and Technology Fund of Nantong (MS12019009) Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1053/j.jrn.2021.03.003",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "32",
pages = "224--233",
journal = "Journal of Renal Nutrition",
issn = "1051-2276",
publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
number = "2",
}