TY - JOUR
T1 - A Carbohydrate Beverage Reduces Monocytes Expressing TLR4 in Children with Overweight or Obesity
AU - Niemiro, Grace M.
AU - Chiarlitti, Nathan A.
AU - Khan, Naiman A.
AU - De Lisio, Michael
N1 - Funding for this work was provided by the Egg Nutrition Center (to GMN) and the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to MDL). The Egg Nutrition Council provided the freeze-dried egg products free of charge. Author disclosures: The Egg Nutrition Center provided funding (to GMN) and freeze-dried egg products to conduct the experiments. The funders were not involved in data analysis or interpretation and were not involved in publishing the final manuscript. Supplemental Table 1 is available from the “Supplementary data” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at https://academic.oup.com/jn. GMN and NAC contributed equally to this work. Address correspondence to MDL (e-mail: [email protected]). Abbreviations used: CHO, carbohydrate beverage condition; EGG, egg beverage condition; ES, effect size; HW, healthy weight; OW/OB, overweight/obese; PE, phycoerythrin; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4.
PY - 2020/3/1
Y1 - 2020/3/1
N2 - Background: Childhood obesity is increasing, with about one-third of children overweight or obese. Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is related to cardiometabolic comorbidities. Inflammatory monocytes, which are classified into 3 different groups - classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4+) expression indicating a proinflammatory state - underlie several obesity-associated morbidities. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the responses of monocyte populations to beverages of differing macronutrient composition in children with healthy weight (HW) or overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Methods: Ten HW children (5th to 84.9th percentile; mean age 12.29 ± 2.5 y) and 7 children with OW/OB (85th to 99.99th percentile; mean age 11.96 ± 3.8 y) completed the study. Adiposity was determined via DXA. Using a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design, participants consumed either a high-carbohydrate (CHO; 210 kcal; 0 g fat/56 g carbohydrates/0 g protein) or a whole-egg-based high-protein/fat (EGG; 210 kcal; 15 g fat/0 g carbohydrates/18 g protein) beverage. Venous blood was collected at baseline and 2 h postprandially for evaluation of metabolic and inflammatory responses. Repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations were conducted. Results: Consuming the CHO beverage significantly reduced the primary outcome: TLR4+ expression on classical monocytes in children with OW/OB only (25.60% decrease from baseline in OW/OB compared with 1.61% increase in HW). Children with OW/OB had significantly less percentages of TLR4+ nonclassical monocytes than HW (47.66% lower after CHO). Insulin and glucose (secondary outcomes), were significantly higher after the CHO condition compared with baseline (230.61% and 9.93% increase, respectively). Changes in glucose were significantly and negatively related to changes in monocyte populations in the CHO condition. Conclusions: These data suggest that high-carbohydrate beverages alter monocyte populations in the blood in children with OW/OB, which is related to glucose metabolism. These findings have implications for nutritional recommendations in children with overweight/obesity. National Clinical Trial registry trial number: NCT03597542.
AB - Background: Childhood obesity is increasing, with about one-third of children overweight or obese. Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is related to cardiometabolic comorbidities. Inflammatory monocytes, which are classified into 3 different groups - classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4+) expression indicating a proinflammatory state - underlie several obesity-associated morbidities. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the responses of monocyte populations to beverages of differing macronutrient composition in children with healthy weight (HW) or overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Methods: Ten HW children (5th to 84.9th percentile; mean age 12.29 ± 2.5 y) and 7 children with OW/OB (85th to 99.99th percentile; mean age 11.96 ± 3.8 y) completed the study. Adiposity was determined via DXA. Using a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design, participants consumed either a high-carbohydrate (CHO; 210 kcal; 0 g fat/56 g carbohydrates/0 g protein) or a whole-egg-based high-protein/fat (EGG; 210 kcal; 15 g fat/0 g carbohydrates/18 g protein) beverage. Venous blood was collected at baseline and 2 h postprandially for evaluation of metabolic and inflammatory responses. Repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations were conducted. Results: Consuming the CHO beverage significantly reduced the primary outcome: TLR4+ expression on classical monocytes in children with OW/OB only (25.60% decrease from baseline in OW/OB compared with 1.61% increase in HW). Children with OW/OB had significantly less percentages of TLR4+ nonclassical monocytes than HW (47.66% lower after CHO). Insulin and glucose (secondary outcomes), were significantly higher after the CHO condition compared with baseline (230.61% and 9.93% increase, respectively). Changes in glucose were significantly and negatively related to changes in monocyte populations in the CHO condition. Conclusions: These data suggest that high-carbohydrate beverages alter monocyte populations in the blood in children with OW/OB, which is related to glucose metabolism. These findings have implications for nutritional recommendations in children with overweight/obesity. National Clinical Trial registry trial number: NCT03597542.
KW - adolescents
KW - diet
KW - inflammation
KW - inflammatory cytokines
KW - innate immune system
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U2 - 10.1093/jn/nxz294
DO - 10.1093/jn/nxz294
M3 - Article
C2 - 31825075
AN - SCOPUS:85081087254
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 150
SP - 616
EP - 622
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 3
ER -