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• Article

  3-D biofabrication using stereolithography for biology and medicine.

  Bajaj, P., Chan, V., Jeong, J. H., Zorlutuna, P., Kong, H. & Bashir, R., 2012, In: Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference. p. 6805-6808 4 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Stereolithography
  • Medicine
  • Electrophoresis
  • Tissue engineering
  • Scaffolds

• 3D Printed Stem-Cell-Laden, Microchanneled Hydrogel Patch for the Enhanced Release of Cell-Secreting Factors and Treatment of Myocardial Infarctions

  Melhem, M. R., Park, J., Knapp, L., Reinkensmeyer, L., Cvetkovic, C., Flewellyn, J., Lee, M. K., Jensen, T. W., Bashir, R., Kong, H. & Schook, L. B., Sep 11 2017, In: ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering. 3, 9, p. 1980-1987 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Stem cells
  • Hydrogels
  • Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Hydrogel
  • Gels
  • Microchannels

• A microfabricated electrical differential counter for the selective enumeration of CD4+ T lymphocytes

  Watkins, N. N., Sridhar, S., Cheng, X., Chen, G. D., Toner, M., Rodriguez, W. & Bashir, R., Apr 21 2011, In: Lab on a chip. 11, 8, p. 1437-1447 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • T-cells
  • T-Lymphocytes
  • Leukocytes
  • Immobilized Antibodies
  • Cell Count

• A microfluidic biochip platform for electrical quantification of proteins

  Valera, E., Berger, J., Hassan, U., Ghonge, T., Liu, J., Rappleye, M., Winter, J., Abboud, D., Haidry, Z., Healey, R., Hung, N. T., Leung, N., Mansury, N., Hasnain, A., Lannon, C., Price, Z., White, K. & Bashir, R., May 21 2018, In: Lab on a chip. 18, 10, p. 1461-1470 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Biochips
  • Biomarkers
  • Microfluidics
  • Proteins
  • Sepsis

• A microfluidic technique to estimate antigen expression on particles

  Ghonge, T., Ganguli, A., Valera, E., Saadah, M., Damhorst, G. L., Berger, J., Pagan Diaz, G., Hassan, U., Chheda, M., Haidry, Z., Liu, S., Hwu, C. & Bashir, R., Dec 1 2017, In: APL Bioengineering. 1, 1, 016103.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Antigens
  • Microfluidics
  • neutravidin
  • Assays
  • Biotin

• A modular approach to the design, fabrication, and characterization of muscle-powered biological machines

  Raman, R., Cvetkovic, C. & Bashir, R., Mar 1 2017, In: Nature Protocols. 12, 3, p. 519-533 15 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Skeleton
  • Muscle
  • Actuators
  • Fabrication
  • Muscles

• A point-of-care microfluidic biochip for quantification of CD64 expression from whole blood for sepsis stratification

  Hassan, U., Ghonge, T., Reddy, B., Patel, M., Rappleye, M., Taneja, I., Tanna, A., Healey, R., Manusry, N., Price, Z., Jensen, T., Berger, J., Hasnain, A., Flaugher, E., Liu, S., Davis, B., Kumar, J., White, K. & Bashir, R., Jul 3 2017, In: Nature communications. 8, 15949.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Biochips
  • leukocytes
  • Microfluidics
  • stratification
  • Point-of-Care Systems

• Biodegradable Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Microcells as Power Supplies for Transient Biomedical Implants

  Lu, L., Yang, Z., Meacham, K., Cvetkovic, C., Corbin, E. A., Vázquez-Guardado, A., Xue, M., Yin, L., Boroumand, J., Pakeltis, G., Sang, T., Yu, K. J., Chanda, D., Bashir, R., Gereau, R. W., Sheng, X. & Rogers, J. A., Jun 5 2018, In: Advanced Energy Materials. 8, 16, 1703035.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Monocrystalline silicon
  • Oils and fats
  • Wavelength
  • Skin
  • Tissue

• Biodegradable thin metal foils and spin-on glass materials for transient electronics

  Kang, S. K., Hwang, S. W., Yu, S., Seo, J. H., Corbin, E. A., Shin, J., Wie, D. S., Bashir, R., Ma, Z. & Rogers, J. A., Mar 25 2015, In: Advanced Functional Materials. 25, 12, p. 1789-1797 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • metal foils
  • Metal foil
  • Glass
  • encapsulating
  • glass

• Biomimicry, Biofabrication, and Biohybrid Systems: The Emergence and Evolution of Biological Design

  Raman, R. & Bashir, R., Oct 25 2017, In: Advanced Healthcare Materials. 6, 20, 1700496.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Biological Evolution
  • Curriculum
  • History
  • Curricula
  • Systems analysis

• Bionanoscience in health and medicine

  Bashir, R., May 2012, In: Proceedings of the IEEE. 100, 5, p. 1015-1016 2 p., 6183039.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Nanotechnology
  • Medicine
  • Health
  • Biological systems
  • DNA

• Biophysical properties of human breast cancer cells measured using silicon MEMS resonators and atomic force microscopy

  Corbin, E. A., Kong, F., Lim, C. T., King, W. P. & Bashir, R., Feb 7 2015, In: Lab on a chip. 15, 3, p. 839-847 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems
  • Atomic force microscopy
  • Atomic Force Microscopy
  • Silicon
  • Cells

• Characterization of a 1024 × 1024 DG-BioFET platform

  Duarte-Guevara, C., Swaminathan, V., Reddy, B., Wen, C. H., Huang, Y. J., Huang, J. C., Liu, Y. S. & Bashir, R., 2017, In: Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical. 250, p. 100-110 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Field effect transistors
  • platforms
  • Amplification
  • field effect transistors
  • characterization

• Characterization of mass and swelling of hydrogel microstructures using MEMS resonant mass sensor arrays

  Millet, L. J., Corbin, E. A., Free, R., Park, K., Kong, H., King, W. P. & Bashir, R., Aug 20 2012, In: Small. 8, 16, p. 2555-2562 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Hydrogels
  • Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Hydrogel
  • Sensor arrays
  • Swelling
  • MEMS

• Combining Biomarkers with EMR Data to Identify Patients in Different Phases of Sepsis

  Taneja, I., Reddy, B., Damhorst, G., Dave Zhao, S., Hassan, U., Price, Z., Jensen, T., Ghonge, T., Patel, M., Wachspress, S., Winter, J., Rappleye, M., Smith, G., Healey, R., Ajmal, M., Khan, M., Patel, J., Rawal, H., Sarwar, R., Soni, S. & 6 others, Anwaruddin, S., Davis, B., Kumar, J., White, K., Bashir, R. & Zhu, R., Dec 1 2017, In: Scientific reports. 7, 1, 10800.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Electronic Health Records
  • Sepsis
  • Biomarkers
  • Area Under Curve
  • Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein

• Control of nanoscale environment to improve stability of immobilized proteins on diamond surfaces

  Radadia, A. D., Stavis, C. J., Carr, R., Zeng, H., King, W. P., Carlisle, J. A., Aksimentiev, A., Hamers, R. J. & Bashir, R., Mar 22 2011, In: Advanced Functional Materials. 21, 6, p. 1040-1050 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Immobilized Proteins
  • Diamond
  • Diamonds
  • Proteins
  • proteins

• Coupled heterogeneous nanowire-nanoplate planar transistor sensors for giant (>10 V/pH) nernst response

  Go, J., Nair, P. R., Reddy, B., Dorvel, B., Bashir, R. & Alam, M. A., Jul 24 2012, In: ACS Nano. 6, 7, p. 5972-5979 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Nanowires
  • Transistors
  • nanowires
  • transistors
  • Ion sensitive field effect transistors

• Damage, Healing, and Remodeling in Optogenetic Skeletal Muscle Bioactuators

  Raman, R., Grant, L., Seo, Y., Cvetkovic, C., Gapinske, M., Palasz, A., Dabbous, H., Kong, H., Pinera, P. P. & Bashir, R., Jun 21 2017, In: Advanced Healthcare Materials. 6, 12, 1700030.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Optogenetics
  • Muscle
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Three-Dimensional Printing
  • Technology

• Detecting sepsis by observing neutrophil motility

  Hassan, U., Valera, E. & Bashir, R., Apr 1 2018, In: Nature biomedical engineering. 2, 4, p. 197-198 2 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Detection of methylation on dsDNA using nanopores in a MoS₂ membrane

  Shim, J., Banerjee, S., Qiu, H., Smithe, K. K. H., Estrada, D., Bello, J., Pop, E., Schulten, K. & Bashir, R., Oct 31 2017, In: Nanoscale. 9, 39, p. 14836-14845 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Methylation
  • Nanopores
  • Membranes
  • DNA
  • Carrier Proteins

• Development of miniaturized walking biological machines

  Chan, V., Park, K., Collens, M. B., Kong, H., Saif, T. A. & Bashir, R., 2012, In: Scientific reports. 2, 857.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Locomotion
  • Cardiac Myocytes
  • Walking
  • Leg
  • Friction

• Directed cell growth and alignment on protein-patterned 3D hydrogels with stereolithography: In this tissue engineering application, PEG-based hydrogels with different fibronectin patterns were fabricated and the influence of the protein patterns on shape and direction of seeded cells was studied

  Chan, V., Collens, M. B., Jeong, J. H., Park, K., Kong, H. & Bashir, R., Sep 1 2012, In: Virtual and Physical Prototyping. 7, 3, p. 219-228 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Stereolithography
  • Fibronectin
  • Hydrogel
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cell growth

• Electrical detection of dsDNA and polymerase chain reaction amplification

  Salm, E., Liu, Y. S., Marchwiany, D., Morisette, D., He, Y., Bhunia, A. K. & Bashir, R., Dec 2011, In: Biomedical microdevices. 13, 6, p. 973-982 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Polymerase chain reaction
  • DNA
  • Amplification
  • Pathogens
  • Deionized water

• Electronic desalting for controlling the ionic environment in droplet-based biosensing platforms

  Swaminathan, V. V., Dak, P., Reddy, B., Salm, E., Duarte-Guevara, C., Zhong, Y., Fischer, A., Liu, Y. S., Alam, M. A. & Bashir, R., Feb 2 2015, In: Applied Physics Letters. 106, 5, 053105.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • salts
  • platforms
  • electronics
  • platinum black
  • electrodes

• Engineering as a new frontier for translational medicine

  Chien, S., Bashir, R., Nerem, R. M. & Pettigrew, R., Apr 1 2015, In: Science Translational Medicine. 7, 281, 281fs13.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Translational Medical Research
  • Medicine
  • Delivery of Health Care
  • Therapeutics

• Enhanced sub-micron colloidal particle separation with interdigitated microelectrode arrays using mixed AC/DC dielectrophoretic scheme

  Swaminathan, V. V., Shannon, M. A. & Bashir, R., Jan 1 2015, In: Biomedical microdevices. 17, 2

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Microelectrodes
  • Electrodes
  • 1-(2-(dodecyloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride
  • DNA Viruses
  • Static Electricity

• Evidence of differential mass change rates between human breast cancer cell lines in culture

  Corbin, E. A., Adeniba, O. O., Cangellaris, O. V., King, W. P. & Bashir, R., Mar 1 2017, In: Biomedical microdevices. 19, 1, 10.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Cell culture
  • Cells
  • Breast Neoplasms
  • Cell Line
  • Growth

• Fabrication and characterization of optogenetic, multi-strip cardiac muscles

  Chan, V., Neal, D. M., Uzel, S. G. M., Kim, H., Bashir, R. & Asada, H. H., May 21 2015, In: Lab on a chip. 15, 10, p. 2258-2268 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Optogenetics
  • Muscle
  • Myocardium
  • Fabrication
  • Tissue engineering

• Glacier moraine formation-mimicking colloidal particle assembly in microchanneled, bioactive hydrogel for guided vascular network construction

  Lee, M. K., Rich, M. H., Shkumatov, A., Jeong, J. H., Boppart, M. D., Bashir, R., Gillette, M. U., Lee, J. & Kong, H., Jan 1 2015, In: Advanced Healthcare Materials. 4, 2, p. 195-201 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Glaciers
  • Ice Cover
  • Hydrogels
  • Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Hydrogel
  • Microchannels

• Graphene-Based Platform for Infrared Near-Field Nanospectroscopy of Water and Biological Materials in an Aqueous Environment

  Khatib, O., Wood, J. D., McLeod, A. S., Goldflam, M. D., Wagner, M., Damhorst, G. L., Koepke, J. C., Doidge, G. P., Rangarajan, A., Bashir, R., Pop, E., Lyding, J. W., Thiemens, M. H., Keilmann, F. & Basov, D. N., Aug 25 2015, In: ACS Nano. 9, 8, p. 7968-7975 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Graphite
  • Biological materials
  • Graphene
  • Near field scanning optical microscopy
  • viruses

• Hands-free smartphone-based diagnostics for simultaneous detection of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue at point-of-care

  Ganguli, A., Ornob, A., Yu, H., Damhorst, G. L., Chen, W., Sun, F., Bhuiya, A., Cunningham, B. T. & Bashir, R., Dec 1 2017, In: Biomedical microdevices. 19, 4, 73.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Smartphone
  • Dengue
  • Point-of-Care Systems
  • Smartphones
  • Blood

• High-k dielectric Al₂O₃ nanowire and nanoplate field effect sensors for improved pH sensing

  Reddy, B., Dorvel, B. R., Go, J., Nair, P. R., Elibol, O. H., Credo, G. M., Daniels, J. S., Chow, E. K. C., Su, X., Varma, M., Alam, M. A. & Bashir, R., Apr 2011, In: Biomedical microdevices. 13, 2, p. 335-344 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Nanowires
  • High-k dielectric
  • Aluminum oxide
  • Gate dielectrics
  • Equipment and Supplies

• How far cardiac cells can see each other mechanically

  Tang, X., Bajaj, P., Bashir, R. & Saif, T. A., Jul 7 2011, In: Soft Matter. 7, 13, p. 6151-6158 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Substrates
  • cells
  • Stiffness
  • Continuum mechanics
  • Tissue

• Hydrodynamic loading and viscous damping of patterned perforations on microfabricated resonant structures

  Park, K., Shim, J., Solovyeva, V., Corbin, E., Banerjee, S. & Bashir, R., Apr 9 2012, In: Applied Physics Letters. 100, 15, 154107.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • viscous damping
  • perforation
  • hydrodynamics
  • penetration
  • perforating

• Investigating the Life Expectancy and Proteolytic Degradation of Engineered Skeletal Muscle Biological Machines

  Cvetkovic, C., Ferrall-Fairbanks, M. C., Ko, E., Grant, L., Kong, H., Platt, M. O. & Bashir, R., Dec 1 2017, In: Scientific reports. 7, 1, 3775.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Life Expectancy
  • Peptide Hydrolases
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases

• Label-free electrical detection of pyrophosphate generated from DNA polymerase reactions on field-effect devices

  Credo, G. M., Su, X., Wu, K., Elibol, O. H., Liu, D. J., Reddy, B., Tsai, T. W., Dorvel, B. R., Daniels, J. S., Bashir, R. & Varma, M., Mar 21 2012, In: Analyst. 137, 6, p. 1351-1362 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • diphosphoric acid
  • DNA
  • Labels
  • Chelating Agents
  • sensor

• Label-free imaging of cell attachment with photonic crystal enhanced microscopy

  Lidstone, E. A., Chaudhery, V., Kohl, A., Chan, V., Wolf-Jensen, T., Schook, L. B., Bashir, R. & Cunningham, B. T., Sep 21 2011, In: Analyst. 136, 18, p. 3608-3615 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Photonic crystals
  • Microscopic examination
  • Labels
  • microscopy

• Label-free intracellular transport measured by spatial light interference microscopy

  Wang, Z., Millet, L., Chan, V., Ding, H., Gillette, M. U., Bashir, R. & Popescu, G., Feb 2011, In: Journal of biomedical optics. 16, 2, 026019.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Light interference
  • organelles
  • Microscopic examination
  • Photobleaching
  • Labels

• Lipid bilayer coated Al₂O₃ nanopore sensors: Towards a hybrid biological solid-state nanopore

  Venkatesan, B. M., Polans, J., Comer, J., Sridhar, S., Wendell, D., Aksimentiev, A. & Bashir, R., Aug 1 2011, In: Biomedical microdevices. 13, 4, p. 671-682 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Lipid bilayers
  • Nanopores
  • Lipid Bilayers
  • Aluminum oxide
  • Sensors

• "Living" microvascular stamp for patterning of functional neovessels; Orchestrated control of matrix property and geometry

  Jeong, J. H., Chan, V., Cha, C., Zorlutuna, P., Dyck, C., Hsia, K. J., Bashir, R. & Kong, H., Jan 3 2012, In: Advanced Materials. 24, 1, p. 58-63 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Hydrogels
  • Angiogenesis Inducing Agents
  • Geometry
  • Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Hydrogel

• Mechanical Characterization and Shape Optimization of Fascicle-Like 3D Skeletal Muscle Tissues Contracted with Electrical and Optical Stimuli

  Neal, D., Sakar, M. S., Bashir, R., Chan, V. & Asada, H. H., Jun 1 2015, In: Tissue Engineering - Part A. 21, 11-12, p. 1848-1858 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Shape optimization
  • Muscle
  • Tissue
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Muscles

• Microfluidic multifunctional probe array dielectrophoretic force spectroscopy with wide loading rates

  Park, I. S., Eom, K., Son, J., Chang, W. J., Park, K., Kwon, T., Yoon, D. S., Bashir, R. & Lee, S. W., Oct 23 2012, In: ACS Nano. 6, 10, p. 8665-8673 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Molecular interactions
  • loading rate
  • Spectroscopy
  • Microfluidics
  • Molecular mechanics

• Mobile Platform for Multiplexed Detection and Differentiation of Disease-Specific Nucleic Acid Sequences, Using Microfluidic Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Smartphone Detection

  Chen, W., Yu, H., Sun, F., Ornob, A., Brisbin, R., Ganguli, A., Vemuri, V., Strzebonski, P., Cui, G., Allen, K. J., Desai, S. A., Lin, W., Nash, D. M., Hirschberg, D. L., Brooks, I., Bashir, R. & Cunningham, B. T., Nov 7 2017, In: Analytical chemistry. 89, 21, p. 11219-11226 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Nucleic acid sequences
  • Pathogens
  • Microfluidics
  • Amplification
  • Smartphones

• Multi-material bio-fabrication of hydrogel cantilevers and actuators with stereolithography

  Chan, V., Jeong, J. H., Bajaj, P., Collens, M., Saif, T., Kong, H. & Bashir, R., Jan 7 2012, In: Lab on a chip. 12, 1, p. 88-98 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Stereolithography
  • Hydrogels
  • poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate
  • Polyethylene glycols
  • Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Hydrogel

• Multivariate computational analysis of biosensor's data for improved CD64 quantification for sepsis diagnosis

  Hassan, U., Zhu, R. & Bashir, R., Apr 21 2018, In: Lab on a chip. 18, 8, p. 1231-1240 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Biosensing Techniques
  • Biosensors
  • Sepsis
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

• Nanopore-based assay for detection of methylation in double-stranded DNA fragments

  Shim, J., Kim, Y., Humphreys, G. I., Nardulli, A. M., Kosari, F., Vasmatzis, G., Taylor, W. R., Ahlquist, D. A., Myong, S. & Bashir, R., Jan 27 2015, In: ACS Nano. 9, 1, p. 290-300 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Methylation
  • methylation
  • Nanopores
  • Assays
  • DNA

• On a chip

  Watkins, N., Irimia, D., Toner, M. & Bashir, R., Nov 2011, In: IEEE Pulse. 2, 6, p. 19-27 9 p., 6088930.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Emergency rooms
  • Ambulances
  • MEMS
  • Health

• On-chip metal/polypyrrole quasi-reference electrodes for robust ISFET operation

  Duarte-Guevara, C., Swaminathan, V. V., Burgess, M., Reddy, B., Salm, E., Liu, Y. S., Rodriguez-Lopez, J. & Bashir, R., May 21 2015, In: Analyst. 140, 10, p. 3630-3641 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • polypyrrole
  • Ion sensitive field effect transistors
  • Polypyrroles
  • Ion-Selective Electrodes
  • Metals

• Optical measurement of cycle-dependent cell growth

  Mir, M., Wang, Z., Shen, Z., Bednarz, M., Bashir, R., Golding, I., Prasanth, S. G. & Popescu, G., Aug 9 2011, In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108, 32, p. 13124-13129 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Cell Cycle
  • Growth
  • Interference Microscopy
  • Cell Size
  • Microscopy

• Optomechanical measurement of the stiffness of single adherent cells

  Park, K., Mehrnezhad, A., Corbin, E. A. & Bashir, R., Jul 14 2015, In: Lab on a chip. 15, 17, p. 3460-3464 5 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Substrates
  • Stiffness
  • Mechanical properties
  • Phase shift
  • Lasers