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• Optimally designed narrowband guided-mode resonance reflectance filters for mid-infrared spectroscopy

  Liu, J. N., Schulmerich, M. V., Bhargava, R. & Cunningham, B. T., Nov 21 2011, In: Optics Express. 19, 24, p. 24182-24197 16 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • narrowband
  • infrared spectroscopy
  • filters
  • reflectance
  • bandwidth

• Optimization of photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence by excitation laser angle scanning

  Chaudhery, V., Lu, M., Pokhriyal, A., Schulz, S. C. & Cunningham, B. T., Dec 1 2011, 2011 11th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology, NANO 2011. p. 282-285 4 p. 6144349. (Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Laser excitation
  • Photonic crystals
  • Fluorescence
  • Scanning
  • fluorescence

• Photobleaching on photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence surfaces

  Chaudhery, V., Lu, M., Huang, C. S., George, S. & Cunningham, B. T., Mar 1 2011, In: Journal of Fluorescence. 21, 2, p. 707-714 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Photobleaching
  • Optics and Photonics
  • Photonic crystals
  • Fluorescence
  • efficiency

• Photonic crystal biodetection using a portable smartphone system

  Long, K. D., Yu, H. & Cunningham, B. T., Dec 1 2013, 2013 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2013. p. 159-160 2 p. 6656483. (2013 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2013).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Biosensors
  • Assays
  • bioinstrumentation
  • Smartphones

• Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence

  Cunningham, B. T., May 3 2010, Frontiers in Pathogen Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems. 755302. (Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE; vol. 7553).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Photonic crystals
  • Fluorescence
  • crystal surfaces
  • fluorescence

• Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence using a quartz substrate to reduce limits of detection

  Pokhriyal, A., Lu, M., Chaudhery, V., Huang, C. S., Schulz, S. & Cunningham, B. T., Nov 22 2010, In: Optics Express. 18, 24, p. 24793-24808 16 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • quartz
  • fluorescence
  • photonics
  • crystals
  • crystal surfaces

• Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence using a quartz substrate to reduce limits of detection

  Pokhriyal, A., Lu, M., Chaudhery, V., Huang, C. S., Schulz, S. & Cunningham, B. T., 2011, CLEO: Science and Innovations, CLEO_SI 2011. Optical Society of America (OSA), (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Fluorescence
  • Quartz
  • quartz
  • Fluorophores

• Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence using a quartz substrate to reduce limits of detection

  Pokhriyal, A., Lu, M., Chaudhery, V., Huang, C. S., Schulz, S. & Cunningham, B. T., Sep 1 2011, 2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics: Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO 2011. 5950506. (2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics: Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO 2011).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Quartz
  • Fluorescence
  • quartz
  • Fluorophores

• Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence using a quartz substrate to reduce limits of detection

  Pokhriyal, A., Lu, M., Chaudhery, V., Huang, C. S., Schulz, S. & Cunningham, B. T., 2011, CLEO: Science and Innovations, CLEO_SI 2011.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Fluorescence
  • Quartz
  • quartz
  • Fluorophores

• Photonic crystal enhanced microscopy

  Cunningham, B. T., Chen, W., Long, K. D., Zhuo, Y., Choi, J. S. & Harley, B. A., May 4 2015, CLEO: Applications and Technology, CLEO-AT 2015. Optical Society of America (OSA), AW4K.1. (CLEO: Applications and Technology, CLEO-AT 2015).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Hyperspectral imaging
  • Microscopic examination
  • Nanoparticles
  • Microscopes

• Photonic crystal enhanced microscopy: Multimode imaging for photonic crystal biosensors

  Chaudhery, V., Lidstone, E. A., George, S., Huang, C. S., Kohl, A., Mathias, P. C. & Cunningham, B. T., 2011, Bio-Optics: Design and Application, BODA 2011. Optical Society of America (OSA), (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

• Photonic crystal enhanced microscopy

  Cunningham, B. T., Chen, W., Long, K. D., Zhuo, Y., Choi, J. S. & Harley, B. A., Aug 10 2015, 2015 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2015. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 7182988. (Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - Technical Digest; vol. 2015-August).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Hyperspectral imaging
  • Microscopic examination
  • Nanoparticles
  • Microscopes

• Photonic crystal enhanced microscopy: Multimode imaging for photonic crystal biosensors

  Chaudhery, V., Lidstone, E. A., George, S., Huang, C. S., Kohl, A., Mathias, P. C. & Cunningham, B. T., Dec 1 2011, Bio-Optics: Design and Application, BODA 2011. (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

• Photonic crystal enhanced microscopy for imaging of live cell adhesion

  Chen, W., Long, K. D., Lu, M., Chaudhery, V., Yu, H., Choi, J. S., Polans, J., Zhuo, Y., Harley, B. A. C. & Cunningham, B. T., Oct 21 2013, In: Analyst. 138, 20, p. 5886-5894 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Photonic crystals
  • Cell adhesion
  • Microscopic examination
  • adhesion

• Photonic crystal enhanced microscopy for imaging of live cell adhesion

  Chen, W., Lu, M., Long, K. D., Chaudhery, V., Yu, H., Polans, J., Choi, J. S. & Cunningham, B. T., Jan 1 2013, Frontiers in Optics, FIO 2013. Optical Society of America, (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Cell death
  • Cell adhesion
  • Bond strength (materials)
  • Microscopic examination

• Photonic crystal enhanced microscopy for imaging of live cell adhesion

  Chen, W., Lu, M., Long, K. D., Chaudhery, V., Yu, H., Polans, J., Choi, J. S. & Cunningham, B. T., 2013, Frontiers in Optics, FIO 2013. Optical Society of America (OSA), (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Cell death
  • Cell adhesion
  • Bond strength (materials)
  • Microscopic examination

• Photonic crystal enhancement of a homogeneous fluorescent assay using submicron fluid channels fabricated by E-jet patterning

  Tan, Y., Sutanto, E., Alleyne, A. G. & Cunningham, B. T., Apr 2014, In: Journal of Biophotonics. 7, 3-4, p. 266-275 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Photonic crystals
  • Assays
  • photonics
  • Fluorescence

• Photonic crystal resonant coupling to nanoantennas and applications for digital resolution biosensing

  Cunningham, B. T., Liu, J. N., Huang, Q., Canady, T., Long, K. D., Li, N., Pastor, M. A., Kwon, L., Liu, K. K. & Singamaneni, S., Jan 1 2018, Microscopy Histopathology and Analytics, MICROSCOPY 2018. OSA - The Optical Society, (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers; vol. Part F89-MICROSCOPY 2018).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Nanoantennas
  • Photonic crystals
  • Pathogens
  • Raman spectroscopy
  • Biomarkers

• Photonic crystals for biosensing

  Cunningham, B. T., Block, I. D., Chan, L., Ganesh, N., Lu, M. & Mathias, P. C., Jan 1 2011, Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials. World Scientific Publishing Co., p. 329-358 30 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Photonic crystals
  • Refractometry
  • Pharmaceutical Research
  • Optical Imaging

• Photonic Crystal Surfaces as a General Purpose Platform for Label-Free and Fluorescent Assays

  Cunningham, B. T., Apr 2010, In: JALA - Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation. 15, 2, p. 120-135 16 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Photonic crystals
  • Assays
  • Labels
  • Biosensing Techniques

• Photonic resonator outcoupler microscopy (PROM) for quantitative monitoring of stem cell focal adhesion area

  Zhuo, Y., Choi, J. S., Marin, T., Yu, H., Harley, B. A. & Cunningham, B. T., Jan 1 2018, Frontiers in Optics, FIO 2018. OSA - The Optical Society, (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers; vol. Part F114-FIO 2018).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Stem cells
  • Photonics
  • Microscopic examination
  • Resonators
  • Adhesion

• Planar Photonic Crystal Biosensor for Quantitative Label-Free Cell Attachment Microscopy

  Chen, W., Long, K. D., Kurniawan, J., Hung, M., Yu, H., Harley, B. A. & Cunningham, B. T., Nov 1 2015, In: Advanced Optical Materials. 3, 11, p. 1623-1632 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Photonic crystals
  • Biosensors
  • bioinstrumentation
  • Microscopic examination
  • attachment

• Plasmonic coupling of SiO₂ -Ag "post-cap" nanostructures and silver film for surface enhanced Raman scattering

  Wu, H. Y. & Cunningham, B. T., Apr 11 2011, In: Applied Physics Letters. 98, 15, 153103.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • caps
  • silver
  • Raman spectra
  • electromagnetism
  • augmentation

• Plasmonic coupling of SiO₂-Ag post-cap nanostructures and silver film for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

  Wu, H. Y. & Cunningham, B. T., Sep 1 2011, 2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics: Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO 2011. 5950146. (2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics: Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO 2011).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Plasmonics
  • Raman scattering
  • Nanostructures
  • Silver
  • caps

• Plasmonic coupling of SiO₂-Ag "post-cap" nanostructures and silver film for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

  Wu, H. Y. & Cunningham, B. T., 2011, CLEO: Science and Innovations, CLEO_SI 2011.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Plasmonics
  • Raman scattering
  • Nanostructures
  • Silver
  • caps

• Plasmonic external cavity laser refractometric sensor

  Zhang, M., Lu, M., Ge, C. & Cunningham, B. T., Aug 25 2014, In: Optics Express. 22, 17, p. 20347-20357 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • laser cavities
  • sensors
  • lasing
  • pathogens
  • refractivity

• Plastic-based distributed feedback laser biosensors in microplate format

  Tan, Y., Ge, C., Chu, A., Lu, M. & Cunningham, B. T., Dec 1 2011, IEEE Photonic Society 24th Annual Meeting, PHO 2011. p. 423-424 2 p. 6110607. (IEEE Photonic Society 24th Annual Meeting, PHO 2011).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • distributed feedback lasers
  • bioinstrumentation
  • format
  • standard deviation
  • plastics

• Point-of-care detection and real-time monitoring of intravenously delivered drugs via tubing with an integrated SERS sensor

  Wu, H. Y. & Cunningham, B. T., May 21 2014, In: Nanoscale. 6, 10, p. 5162-5171 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Plasmonics
  • Tubing
  • Drug delivery
  • Monitoring
  • Sensors

• Point-of-care detection and real-time monitoring of intravenously delivered drugs via tubing with an integrated SERS sensor

  Wu, H. Y. & Cunningham, B. T., Jan 1 2013, Laser Science, LS 2013. Optical Society of America, (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Tubing
  • drugs
  • Plasmonics
  • sensors
  • plastic flow

• Point-of-care detection and real-time monitoring of intravenously delivered drugs via tubing with an integrated SERS sensor

  Wu, H. Y. & Cunningham, B. T., Jan 1 2013, Laser Science, LS 2013. Optical Society of America (OSA), (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Tubing
  • drugs
  • Plasmonics
  • sensors
  • plastic flow

• Point-of-use detection of ascorbic acid using a spectrometric smartphone-based system

  Aguirre, M. Á., Long, K. D., Canals, A. & Cunningham, B. T., Jan 30 2019, In: Food chemistry. 272, p. 141-147 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • mobile telephones
  • Smartphone
  • Ascorbic Acid
  • Smartphones
  • Methylene Blue

• Polarization controlled output of electrohydrodynamic jet printed quantum dot embedded photonic crystals for display applications

  See, G. G., Xu, L., Sutanto, E., Alleyne, A. G., Nuzzo, R. G. & Cunningham, B. T., Nov 9 2015, 2015 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2015. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 180-181 2 p. 7323533. (2015 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2015).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Semiconductor quantum dots
  • Electrohydrodynamics
  • Polarization
  • Display devices

• Polarized quantum dot emission in electrohydrodynamic jet printed photonic crystals

  See, G. G., Xu, L., Sutanto, E., Alleyne, A. G., Nuzzo, R. G. & Cunningham, B. T., Aug 3 2015, In: Applied Physics Letters. 107, 5, 051101.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • electrohydrodynamics
  • quantum dots
  • photonics
  • crystals
  • crystal structure

• Porous photonic crystal external cavity laser biosensor

  Huang, Q., Peh, J., Hergenrother, P. J. & Cunningham, B. T., Aug 15 2016, In: Applied Physics Letters. 109, 7, 071103.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • bioinstrumentation
  • laser cavities
  • photonics
  • crystals
  • proteins

• Protein-protein binding detection with nanoparticle photonic crystal enhanced microscopy (NP-PCEM)

  Zhuo, Y., Tian, L., Chen, W., Yu, H., Singamaneni, S. & Cunningham, B. T., Nov 2 2014, 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2014. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 2069-2072 4 p. 6944023. (2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2014).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Protein Binding
  • Optics and Photonics
  • Photonic crystals
  • Microscopic examination
  • Nanoparticles

• Quantitative analysis of focal adhesion dynamics using photonic resonator outcoupler microscopy (PROM)

  Zhuo, Y., Choi, J. S., Marin, T., Yu, H., Harley, B. A. & Cunningham, B. T., Dec 1 2018, In: Light: Science and Applications. 7, 1, 7538.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Photonics
  • Microscopic examination
  • Resonators
  • Adhesion
  • adhesion

• Quantitative imaging of cell membrane-associated effective mass density using Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy (PCEM)

  Zhuo, Y., Choi, J. S., Marin, T., Yu, H., Harley, B. A. & Cunningham, B. T., Nov 1 2016, In: Progress in Quantum Electronics. 50, p. 1-18 18 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

  • Photonic crystals
  • Cell membranes
  • Microscopic examination
  • Imaging techniques
  • microscopy

• Quick detection of contaminants leaching from polypropylene centrifuge tubes with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy

  Xu, Z., Gartia, M. R., Choi, C. J., Jiang, J., Chen, Y., Cunningham, B. T. & Liu, G. L., Nov 15 2011, In: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 42, 11, p. 1939-1944 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Ultraviolet spectroscopy
  • Absorption spectroscopy
  • Raman scattering
  • Raman spectroscopy
  • Leaching

• Recent Advances in Biosensing with Photonic Crystal Surfaces: A Review

  Cunningham, B. T., Zhang, M., Zhuo, Y., Kwon, L. & Race, C., May 15 2016, In: IEEE Sensors Journal. 16, 10, p. 3349-3366 18 p., 7101794.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Photonic crystals
  • crystal surfaces
  • photonics
  • biomarkers
  • life sciences

• Recognition of apoptotic cells by viable cells is specific, ubiquitous, and species independent: Analysis using photonic crystal biosensors

  Pattabiraman, G., Lidstone, E. A., Palasiewicz, K., Cunningham, B. T. & Ucker, D. S., Jun 1 2014, In: Molecular biology of the cell. 25, 11, p. 1704-1714 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Biosensing Techniques
  • Innate Immunity
  • Cytophagocytosis
  • Immunosuppression

• Region specific enhancement of quantum dot emission using interleaved two-dimensional photonic crystals

  See, G. G., Xu, L., Naughton, M. S., Tang, T., Bonita, Y., Joo, J., Trefonas, P., Deshpande, K., Kenis, P. J. A., Nuzzo, R. G. & Cunningham, B. T., 2015, In: Applied Optics. 54, 9, p. 2302-2308 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Photonic crystals
  • Semiconductor quantum dots
  • quantum dots
  • photonics
  • augmentation

• Region specific enhancement of quantum dot emission using interleaved two-dimensional photonic crystals

  See, G. G., Xu, L., Naughton, M. S., Tang, T., Bonita, Y., Joo, J., Trefonas, P., Deshpande, K., Kenis, P. J. A., Nuzzo, R. G. & Cunningham, B. T., Aug 10 2015, 2015 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2015. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 7183009. (Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - Technical Digest; vol. 2015-August).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Semiconductor quantum dots
  • quantum dots
  • photonics
  • augmentation

• Region specific enhancement of quantum dot emission using interleaved two-dimensional photonic crystals

  See, G. G., Xu, L., Naughton, M. S., Tang, T., Bonita, Y., Joo, J., Trefonas, P., Deshpande, K., Kenis, P. J. A., Nuzzo, R. G. & Cunningham, B. T., May 4 2015, CLEO: QELS - Fundamental Science, CLEO_QELS 2015. Optical Society of America (OSA), p. 1551p (CLEO: QELS - Fundamental Science, CLEO_QELS 2015).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Photonic crystals
  • Semiconductor quantum dots
  • quantum dots
  • photonics
  • augmentation

• Resonant coupling from photonic crystal surfaces to plasmonic nanoantennas: Principles, detection instruments, and applications in digital resolution biosensing

  Liu, J. N., Huang, Q., Liu, K. K., Singamaneni, S. & Cunningham, B. T., Jan 1 2018, Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits XX. He, S., Lee, E-H. & He, S. (eds.). SPIE, 105361O. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; vol. 10536).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Biosensing
  • Plasmonics
  • Nanoantennas
  • Photonic Crystal
  • Photonic crystals

• Sculpting narrowband Fano resonances inherent in the large-area mid-infrared photonic crystal microresonators for spectroscopic imaging

  Liu, J. N., Schulmerich, M. V., Bhargava, R. & Cunningham, B. T., 2014, In: Optics Express. 22, 15, p. 18142-18158 17 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • narrowband
  • photonics
  • crystals
  • infrared spectrometers
  • imaging spectrometers

• Sensing micrometer-scale deformations via stretching of a photonic crystal

  Privorotskaya, N. L., Choi, C. J., Cunningham, B. T. & King, W. P., Jun 1 2010, In: Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical. 161, 1-2, p. 66-71 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Photonic crystals
  • Stretching
  • micrometers
  • Wavelength
  • photonics

• Sensitive detection of protein and miRNA cancer biomarkers using silicon-based photonic crystals and a resonance coupling laser scanning platform

  George, S., Chaudhery, V., Lu, M., Takagi, M., Amro, N., Pokhriyal, A., Tan, Y., Ferreira, P. & Cunningham, B. T., Oct 21 2013, In: Lab on a chip. 13, 20, p. 4053-4064 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Tumor Biomarkers
  • Optics and Photonics
  • Photonic crystals
  • Silicon
  • Proteins

• SERS nanodomes for in-line detection within biomedical tubing

  Choi, C., Wu, H. Y. & Cunningham, B. T., Dec 1 2011, Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2011. (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Tubing
  • Metabolites
  • metabolites
  • Catheters
  • Silver

• SERS nanodomes for in-line detection within biomedical tubing

  Choi, C., Wu, H. Y. & Cunningham, B. T., 2011, Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2011. Optical Society of America (OSA), (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Tubing
  • Metabolites
  • metabolites
  • Catheters
  • Silver

• SERS sensors for biomedical tubing

  Choi, C. J., Wu, H. Y. & Cunningham, B. T., 2011, In: Procedia Engineering. 25, p. 76-79 4 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

  • Raman spectroscopy
  • Tubing
  • Sensors
  • Metal nanoparticles
  • Fabrication