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• A 50-bp enhancer of the mouse acrosomal vesicle protein 1 gene activates round spermatid-specific transcription in vivo

  Urekar, C., Acharya, K. K., Chhabra, P. & Reddi, P. P., Oct 25 2019, In: Biology of reproduction. 101, 4, p. 842-853 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Mouse Acrv1 protein
  • Spermatids
  • Testis
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Spermatogenesis

• A 5GHz 245fsrms 8mW Ring Oscillator-based Digital Frequency Synthesizer

  Khashaba, A., Elkholy, A., Megawer, K. M., Ahmed, M. & Hanumolu, P. K., Apr 2019, 2019 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, CICC 2019. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 8780384. (Proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference; vol. 2019-April).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Crystal oscillators
  • Frequency synthesizers
  • Phase noise
  • Jitter
  • Calibration

• A 5GHz Digital Fractional-N PLL Using a 1-bit Delta-Sigma Frequency-to-Digital Converter in 65 nm CMOS

  Talegaonkar, M., Anand, T., Elkholy, A., Elshazly, A., Nandwana, R. K., Saxena, S., Young, B., Choi, W. S. & Hanumolu, P. K., Sep 2017, In: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. 52, 9, p. 2306-2320 15 p., 7999180.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Phase locked loops
  • Phase noise
  • Jitter
  • Clocks
  • Bandwidth

• A 5-level flying capacitor multi-level converter with integrated auxiliary power supply and start-up

  Stillwell, A., Robert, C. N. & Pilawa-Podgurski, May 17 2017, 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2017. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 2932-2938 7 p. 7931113. (Conference Proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Capacitors
  • Power converters
  • Voltage measurement
  • Electric potential
  • Switches

• A 6.75-to-8.25GHz, 250fsrms-integrated-jitter 3.25mW rapid on/off PVT-insensitive fractional-N injection-locked clock multiplier in 65nm CMOS

  Elkholy, A., Elmallah, A., Elzeftawi, M., Chang, K. & Hanumolu, P. K., Feb 23 2016, 2016 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC 2016. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 192-193 2 p. 7417972. (Digest of Technical Papers - IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference; vol. 59).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Jitter
  • Clocks
  • Phase noise
  • Phase locked loops

• A 60-GHz 2-bit switched-line phase shifter using SP4T RF-MEMS switches

  Gong, S., Shen, H. & Barker, N. S., Apr 1 2011, In: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 59, 4 PART 1, p. 894-900 7 p., 5719259.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Phase shifters
  • microelectromechanical systems
  • MEMS
  • switches
  • Switches

• A 63 dB 16 mW 20 MHz BW double-sampled ΔΣ analog-to-digital converter with an embedded-adder quantizer

  Chae, J., Lee, S., Aniya, M., Takeuchi, S., Hamashita, K., Hanumolu, P. K. & Temes, G. C., Dec 13 2010, IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 2010, CICC 2010. 5617594. (Proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Adders
  • Digital to analog conversion
  • Sampling
  • Capacitors
  • Set theory

• A 6-level flying capacitor multi-level converter for single phase buck-type power factor correction

  Candan, E., Stillwell, A., Brooks, N. C., Abramson, R. A., Strydom, J. & Pilawa-Podgurski, R. C. N., May 24 2019, 34th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2019. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 1180-1187 8 p. 8722199. (Conference Proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC; vol. 2019-March).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Capacitors
  • Heat sinks
  • Transistors
  • Electric potential

• A 6 μ W ±50 ppm/°C ±1500 ppm/V 1.5 MHz RC oscillator using self-regulation

  Wang, T., Griffith, D., Ahmed, M. G., Zhu, J., Wei, D., Elkholy, A., Elmallah, A. & Hanumolu, P. K., Aug 2019, In: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs. 66, 8, p. 1297-1301 5 p., 8556499.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Relaxation oscillators
  • Electric potential
  • Temperature

• A 71dB SFDR open loop VCO-based ADC using 2-level PWM modulation

  Rao, S., Young, B., Elshazly, A., Yin, W., Sasidhar, N. & Hanumolu, P. K., 2011, 2011 Symposium on VLSI Circuits, VLSIC 2011 - Digest of Technical Papers. p. 270-271 2 p. 5986448

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Variable frequency oscillators
  • Pulse width modulation
  • Modulation
  • Anti-aliasing
  • Modulators

• A 77dB SNDR, 4MHz MASH ΔΣ modulator with a second-stage multi-rate VCO-based quantizer

  Asl, S. Z., Saxena, S., Hanumolu, P. K., Mayaram, K. & Fiez, T. S., Nov 9 2011, 2011 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, CICC 2011. 6055290. (Proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Variable frequency oscillators
  • Modulators
  • Capacitors
  • Electric power utilization
  • Bandwidth

• A 900mA 93% efficient 50μA quiescent current fixed frequency hysteretic buck converter using a highly digital hybrid voltage- and current-mode control

  Khan, Q., Elshazly, A., Rao, S., Inti, R. & Hanumolu, P. K., Sep 28 2012, 2012 Symposium on VLSI Circuits, VLSIC 2012. p. 182-183 2 p. 6243850. (IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits, Digest of Technical Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Switching frequency
  • Electric potential

• A 90nm CMOS integrated Nano-Photonics technology for 25Gbps WDM optical communications applications

  Assefa, S., Shank, S., Green, W., Khater, M., Kiewra, E., Reinholm, C., Kamlapurkar, S., Rylyakov, A., Schow, C., Horst, F., Pan, H., Topuria, T., Rice, P., Gill, D. M., Rosenberg, J., Barwicz, T., Yang, M., Proesel, J., Hofrichter, J., Offrein, B. & 4 others, Gu, X., Haensch, W., Ellis-Monaghan, J. & Vlasov, Y. A., Dec 1 2012, 2012 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM 2012. 6479162. (Technical Digest - International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Germanium
  • Light modulators
  • Photodetectors
  • Optical communication
  • Photonics

• A 94.2%-peak-efficiency 1.53A direct-battery-hook-up hybrid Dickson switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with wide continuous conversion ratio in 65nm CMOS

  Liu, W. C., Assem, P., Lei, Y., Hanumolu, P. K. & Pilawa-Podgurski, R., Mar 2 2017, 2017 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC 2017. Fujino, L. C. (ed.). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 182-183 2 p. 7870321. (Digest of Technical Papers - IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference; vol. 60).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Hooks
  • DC-DC converters
  • Capacitors
  • Electric potential
  • Wearable technology

• AAPT symposium: Panel question and answer

  Copeland, A., Corrigan, M., Buchanan, S., Zhou, F., Bennert, T., Mohammad, L. N. & Al-Qadi, I., Jan 1 2016, Asphalt Paving Technology 2016 - Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, AAPT 2016. McDaniel, R. S., West, R., Rowe, G., Roque, R., Kim, Y. R., Corrigan, M., Bonaquist, R., Copeland, A., Daniel, J., Baumgardner, G. & Prowell, B. (eds.). Association of Asphalt Paving Technologist, p. 877-884 8 p. (Asphalt Paving Technology: Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists-Proceedings of the Technical Sessions; vol. 85).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

• A backscattering model incorporating the effective carrier temperature in Nano-MOSFET

  Giusi, G., Iannaccone, G., Crupi, F. & Ravaioli, U., Jul 2011, In: IEEE Electron Device Letters. 32, 7, p. 853-855 3 p., 5771977.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Backscattering
  • Energy barriers
  • Potential energy
  • Temperature
  • Ballistics

• A Balancing Act: Work-Life Balance and Multiple Stakeholder Outcomes in Hospitals

  Avgar, A. C., Givan, R. K. & Liu, M., Dec 1 2011, In: British Journal of Industrial Relations. 49, 4, p. 717-741 25 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Multiple Stakeholders
  • Work-life Balance
  • Personnel
  • Patient Care
  • Employees

• A Bandpass Frequency Selective Surface with a Low Cross-Polarization Based on Cavities with a Hybrid Boundary

  Yang, L. L., Wei, X. C., Yi, D. & Jin, J. M., Feb 2017, In: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 65, 2, p. 654-661 8 p., 7762737.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Frequency selective surfaces
  • Polarization
  • Substrate integrated waveguides
  • Merging
  • Bandwidth

• A bank angle protection method based on potential functions for nonlinear aircraft model

  Sun, D. & Hovakimyan, N., 2017, 17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, 2017. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA, (17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, 2017).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Aircraft models
  • NASA
  • Asymptotic stability
  • Closed loop systems
  • Damping

• A bayesian approach to discovering truth from conflicting sources for data integration

  Zhao, B., Rubinstein, B. I. P., Gemmell, J. & Han, J., Feb 2012, In: Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment. 5, 6, p. 550-561 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Data integration
  • Sampling
  • Experiments

• A Bayesian approach to sequential monitoring of nonlinear profiles using wavelets

  Varbanov, R., Chicken, E., Linero, A. & Yang, Y., Apr 2019, In: Quality and Reliability Engineering International. 35, 3, p. 761-775 15 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Wavelets
  • Bayesian Approach
  • Monitoring
  • Markov processes
  • Change Point

• A Bayesian framework to predict deformations during supported excavations based on a semi-empirical method

  Park, J. K., Gardoni, P. & Biscontin, G., Jan 1 2011, Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering -Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering. Taylor and Francis Inc., p. 1240-1247 8 p. (Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering -Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Excavation
  • Movement
  • Predict
  • Bayesian Updating
  • Framework

• A Bayesian framework to predict deformations during supported excavations based on a semi-empirical method

  Park, J. K., Gardoni, P. & Biscontin, G., Jun 13 2011, Vulnerability, Uncertainty, and Risk: Analysis, Modeling, and Management - Proceedings of the ICVRAM 2011 and ISUMA 2011 Conferences. p. 533-540 8 p. (Vulnerability, Uncertainty, and Risk: Analysis, Modeling, and Management - Proceedings of the ICVRAM 2011 and ISUMA 2011 Conferences).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Excavation

• A Bayesian Lasso via reversible-jump MCMC

  Chen, X., Jane Wang, Z. & McKeown, M. J., Aug 1 2011, In: Signal Processing. 91, 8, p. 1920-1932 13 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Medical problems
  • Linear regression
  • Error analysis

• A BB&R algorithm for minimizing total tardiness on a single machine with sequence dependent setup times

  Sewell, E. C., Sauppe, J. J., Morrison, D. R., Jacobson, S. H. & Kao, G. K., Dec 1 2012, In: Journal of Global Optimization. 54, 4, p. 791-812 22 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Sequence-dependent Setup Times
  • Total Tardiness
  • Single Machine
  • Exact Algorithms
  • Computational Experiments

• Abdominal applications of shear wave ultrasound vibrometry and supersonic shear imaging

  Song, P. & Chen, S., Jan 1 2016, Ultrasound Elastography for Biomedical Applications and Medicine. Wiley, p. 492-503 12 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • Shear waves
  • Liver
  • Ultrasonics
  • Imaging techniques
  • Stiffness

• Abdominal ultrasonographic findings associated with feline infectious peritonitis: A retrospective review of 16 cases

  Lewis, K. M. & O'Brien, R. T., 2010, In: Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. 46, 3, p. 152-160 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

  • feline infectious peritonitis
  • Feline Infectious Peritonitis
  • Feline coronavirus
  • Feline Coronavirus
  • Cats

• A bee pupa-infilled honeycomb structure-inspired Li₂MnSiO₄ cathode for high volumetric energy density secondary batteries

  Liu, J., Lin, X., Zhang, H., Shen, Z., Lu, Q., Niu, J., Li, J. & Braun, P. V., Jan 1 2019, In: Chemical Communications. 55, 25, p. 3582-3585 4 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Honeycomb structures
  • Secondary batteries
  • Cathodes
  • Biomimetics
  • Electron Transport

• A behavioral and anatomical analysis of associative semantic errors in picture naming

  Schwartz, M. F., Walker, G. M., Kimberg, D. Y., Faseyitan, O., Brecher, A., Mirman, D., Dell, G. S. & Coslett, H. B., 2010, In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 6, p. 134-136 3 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

• A behavioral microeconomic foundation for car-following models

  Hamdar, S. H., Dixit, V. V., Talebpour, A. & Treiber, M., Jan 1 2019, (Accepted/In press) In: Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. 113, p. 228-244 17 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • microeconomics
  • traffic
  • Distribution functions
  • Lead
  • Probability distributions

• A Behavior-Genetic Study of the Legacy of Early Caregiving Experiences: Academic Skills, Social Competence, and Externalizing Behavior in Kindergarten

  Roisman, G. I. & Fraley, R. C., Mar 1 2012, In: Child development. 83, 2, p. 728-742 15 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Social Skills
  • Parenting
  • social competence
  • caregiving
  • kindergarten

• A benchmark study on error-correction by read-pairing and tag-clustering in amplicon-based deep sequencing

  Zhang, T. H., Wu, N. C. & Sun, R., Feb 12 2016, In: BMC genomics. 17, 1, 108.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Benchmarking
  • Cluster Analysis
  • Mutation
  • Libraries

• A BEN-domain-containing protein associates with heterochromatin and represses transcription

  Sathyan, K. M., Shen, Z., Tripathi, V., Prasanth, K. V. & Prasanth, S. G., Sep 15 2011, In: Journal of cell science. 124, 18, p. 3149-3163 15 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Heterochromatin
  • Protein Domains
  • Chromatin
  • Histone Deacetylases
  • Eukaryota

• Aberrant asociality: How individual differences in social anhedonia illuminate the need to belong

  Silvia, P. J. & Kwapil, T. R., Dec 2011, In: Journal of Personality. 79, 6, p. 1315-1332 18 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

  • Anhedonia
  • Individuality
  • Psychopathology
  • Schizophrenia
  • Shyness

• Aberrant expression of TAR DNA binding protein-43 is associated with spermatogenic disorders in men

  Varghese, D. S., Chandran, U., Soumya, A., Pillai, S. M., Jayakrishnan, K., Reddi, P. P. & Kumar, P. G., Jan 1 2016, In: Reproduction, Fertility and Development. 28, 6, p. 713-722 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • DNA-binding proteins
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Germ Cells
  • Spermatozoa
  • germ cells

• Aberrantly elevated microRNA-34a in obesity attenuates hepatic responses to FGF19 by targeting a membrane coreceptor β-Klotho

  Fu, T., Choi, S. E., Kim, D. H., Seok, S., Suino-Powell, K. M., Xu, H. E. & Kemper, J. K., Oct 2 2012, In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109, 40, p. 16137-16142 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • MicroRNAs
  • Obesity
  • Obese Mice
  • Membranes
  • Liver

• Aberrant Salience Across Levels of Processing in Positive and Negative Schizotypy

  Chun, C. A., Brugger, P. & Kwapil, T. R., Sep 18 2019, In: Frontiers in Psychology. 10, 2073.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Illusions
  • Inhibition (Psychology)
  • Dopamine
  • Schizophrenia

• Aberrant thalamocortical coherence in an animal model of tinnitus

  Vianney-Rodrigues, P., Auerbach, B. D. & Salvi, R., Mar 2019, In: Journal of neurophysiology. 121, 3, p. 893-907 15 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Sodium Salicylate
  • Tinnitus
  • Animal Models
  • Auditory Cortex
  • Electrodes

• Aberrant upregulation of astroglial ceramide potentiates oligodendrocyte injury

  Kim, S., Steelman, A. J., Zhang, Y., Kinney, H. C. & Li, J., Jan 1 2012, In: Brain Pathology. 22, 1, p. 41-57 17 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Ceramides
  • Oligodendroglia
  • Sphingolipids
  • Demyelinating Diseases
  • Astrocytes

• Aberration characterization for the optimal design of high-resolution endoscopic optical coherence tomography catheters

  Benalcazar, W. A., Jung, W. & Boppart, S. A., Mar 15 2012, In: Optics Letters. 37, 6, p. 1100-1102 3 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • astigmatism
  • aberration
  • tomography
  • high resolution
  • characterization

• Aberration correction for transcranial photoacoustic tomography of primates employing adjunct image data

  Huang, C., Nie, L., Schoonover, R. W., Guo, Z., Schirra, C. O., Anastasio, M. A. & Wang, L. V., Jun 1 2012, In: Journal of biomedical optics. 17, 6, 066016.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Photoacoustic effect
  • primates
  • Aberrations
  • skull
  • Tomography

• ABI Announces Commission on Consumer Bankruptcy

  Lawless, R. M., Apr 2017, In: American Bankruptcy Institute Law Review. Apr. 2017, p. 14

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• A bi-criteria multiple-choice secretary problem

  Yu, G., Jacobson, S. H. & Kiyavash, N., Jun 3 2019, In: IISE Transactions. 51, 6, p. 577-588 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Planning

• A bidirectional wide load range multiphase buck/boost converter for differential power processing

  Das, D. & Krein, P. T., Aug 18 2017, 2017 IEEE 18th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics, COMPEL 2017. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 8013360. (2017 IEEE 18th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics, COMPEL 2017).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Converter
  • Voltage
  • Range of data
  • Electric potential
  • Stacking

• A Bi-Factor Approach to Modeling the Structure of Worry and Rumination

  Hur, J., Heller, W., Kern, J. L. & Berenbaum, H., Jul 1 2017, In: Journal of Experimental Psychopathology. 8, 3, p. 252-264 13 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Temperament
  • Anxiety
  • Depression

• A big data approach to computational creativity: The curious case of Chef Watson

  Varshney, L. R., Pinel, F., Varshney, K. R., Bhattacharjya, D., Schörgendorfer, A. & Chee, Y. M., Jan 1 2019, In: IBM Journal of Research and Development. 63, 1, 8618410.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Data Analytics
  • Big data
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Machine learning

• Ability Mindsets Influence the Quality of Mothers' Involvement in Children's Learning: An Experimental Investigation

  Moorman, E. A. & Pomerantz, E. M., Sep 2010, In: Developmental psychology. 46, 5, p. 1354-1362 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Learning
  • Aptitude
  • Mothers
  • Child
  • learning

• Ability of milk pH to predict subclinical mastitis and intramammary infection in quarters from lactating dairy cattle

  Kandeel, S. A., Megahed, A. A., Ebeid, M. H. & Constable, P. D., Feb 2019, In: Journal of Dairy Science. 102, 2, p. 1417-1427 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Mastitis
  • mastitis
  • dairy cattle
  • Milk
  • Cattle

• Ab initio based empirical potential used to study the mechanical properties of molybdenum

  Park, H., Fellinger, M. R., Lenosky, T. J., Tipton, W. W., Trinkle, D. R., Rudin, S. P., Woodward, C., Wilkins, J. W. & Hennig, R. G., Jun 21 2012, In: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. 85, 21, 214121.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Molybdenum
  • molybdenum
  • Edge dislocations
  • Screw dislocations
  • Metastable phases

• Ab initio based rovibrational grouping model for N₂(¹Σ⁺_g)-N₂(¹Σ⁺_g) energy transfer and dissociation

  Macdonald, R. L., Jaffe, R. L., Schwenke, D. W., Munafò, A. & Panesi, M., 2017, 47th AIAA Thermophysics Conference, 2017. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA, (47th AIAA Thermophysics Conference, 2017).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Energy transfer
  • Molecules
  • Relaxation processes
  • Ladders
  • Kinetic parameters