2022 upgrade and improved low frequency camera sensitivity for cmb observation at the south pole

A. Soliman; P. A.R. Ade; Z. Ahmed; M. Amiri; D. Barkats; R. Basu Thakur; C. A. Bischoff; D. Beck; J. J. Bock; V. Buza; J. Cheshire; J. Connors; J. Cornelison; M. Crumrine; A. J. Cukierman; E. V. Denison; M. I. Dierichx; L. Duband; M. Eiben; S. Fatigoni; J. P. Filippini; C. Giannakopoulos; N. Goeckner-Wald; D. C. Goldfinger; J. Grayson; P. K. Grimes; G. Hall; G. Halal; M. Halpern; E. Hand; S. A. Harrison; S. Henderson; S. R. Hildebrandt; G. C. Hilton; J. Hubmayr; H. Hui; K. D. Irwin; J. Kang; K. S. Karkare; S. Kefeli; J. M. Kovac; C. L. Kuo; K. Lau; E. M. Leitch; A. Lennox; T. Liu; K. G. Megerian; L. Minutolo; L. Moncelsi; Y. Nakato; T. Namikawa; H. T. Nguyen; R. O'Brient; S. Palladino; M. A. Petroff; N. Precup; T. Prouve; C. Pryke; B. Racine; C. D. Reintsema; M. Salatino; A. Schillaci; B. L. Schmitt; B. Singari; T. St Germaine; B. Steinback; R. V. Sudiwala; K. L. Thompson; C. Tsai; C. Tucker; A. D. Turner; C. Umilta; C. Verges; A. G. Vieregg; A. Wandui; A. C. Weber; D. V. Wiebe; J. Willmert; W. L.K. Wu; H. Yang; K. W. Yoon; E. Young; C. Yu; L. Zeng; C. Zhang; S. Zhang

doi:10.1117/12.2628058

2022 upgrade and improved low frequency camera sensitivity for cmb observation at the south pole

A. Soliman, P. A.R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, R. Basu Thakur, C. A. Bischoff, D. Beck, J. J. Bock, V. Buza, J. Cheshire, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, M. Crumrine, A. J. Cukierman, E. V. Denison, M. I. Dierichx, L. Duband, M. Eiben, S. FatigoniJ. P. Filippini, C. Giannakopoulos, N. Goeckner-Wald, D. C. Goldfinger, J. Grayson, P. K. Grimes, G. Hall, G. Halal, M. Halpern, E. Hand, S. A. Harrison, S. Henderson, S. R. Hildebrandt, G. C. Hilton, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare, S. Kefeli, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, K. Lau, E. M. Leitch, A. Lennox, T. Liu, K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, L. Moncelsi, Y. Nakato, T. Namikawa, H. T. Nguyen, R. O'Brient, S. Palladino, M. A. Petroff, N. Precup, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, C. D. Reintsema, M. Salatino, A. Schillaci, B. L. Schmitt, B. Singari, T. St Germaine, B. Steinback, R. V. Sudiwala, K. L. Thompson, C. Tsai, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Umilta, C. Verges, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. C. Weber, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, W. L.K. Wu, H. Yang, K. W. Yoon, E. Young, C. Yu, L. Zeng, C. Zhang, S. Zhang

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

Constraining the Galactic foregrounds with multi-frequency Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations is an essential step towards ultimately reaching the sensitivity to measure primordial gravitational waves (PGWs), the sign of inflation after the Big-Bang that would be imprinted on the CMB. The BICEP Array is a set of multi-frequency cameras designed to constrain the energy scale of inflation through CMB B-mode searches while also controlling the polarized galactic foregrounds. The lowest frequency BICEP Array receiver (BA1) has been observing from the South Pole since 2020 and provides 30 GHz and 40 GHz data to characterize galactic synchrotron in our CMB maps. In this paper, we present the design of the BA1 detectors and the full optical characterization of the camera including the on-sky performance at the South Pole. The paper also introduces the design challenges during the first observing season including the effect of out-of-band photons on detectors performance. It also describes the tests done to diagnose that effect and the new upgrade to minimize these photons, as well as installing more dichroic detectors during the 2022 deployment season to improve the BA1 sensitivity. We finally report background noise measurements of the detectors with the goal of having photon-noise dominated detectors in both optical channels. BA1 achieves an improvement in mapping speed compared to the previous deployment season.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI
Editors	Jonas Zmuidzinas, Jian-Rong Gao
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Electronic)	9781510653610
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628058
State	Published - 2022
Event	Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI 2022 - Montreal, Canada Duration: Jul 17 2022 → Jul 22 2022

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	12190
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Conference

Conference	Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI 2022
Country/Territory	Canada
City	Montreal
Period	7/17/22 → 7/22/22

Keywords

BICEP Array
Cosmic Microwave Background
Detectors
Inflation
Synchrotron
Telescopes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Condensed Matter Physics
Computer Science Applications
Applied Mathematics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Online availability

10.1117/12.2628058

Library availability

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Soliman, A., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bischoff, C. A., Beck, D., Bock, J. J., Buza, V., Cheshire, J., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A. J., Denison, E. V., Dierichx, M. I., Duband, L., Eiben, M., ... Zhang, S. (2022). 2022 upgrade and improved low frequency camera sensitivity for cmb observation at the south pole. In J. Zmuidzinas, & J.-R. Gao (Eds.), Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI Article 1219014 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 12190). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628058

2022 upgrade and improved low frequency camera sensitivity for cmb observation at the south pole. / Soliman, A.; Ade, P. A.R.; Ahmed, Z. et al.
Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI. ed. / Jonas Zmuidzinas; Jian-Rong Gao. SPIE, 2022. 1219014 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 12190).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Soliman, A, Ade, PAR, Ahmed, Z, Amiri, M, Barkats, D, Basu Thakur, R, Bischoff, CA, Beck, D, Bock, JJ, Buza, V, Cheshire, J, Connors, J, Cornelison, J, Crumrine, M, Cukierman, AJ, Denison, EV, Dierichx, MI, Duband, L, Eiben, M, Fatigoni, S, Filippini, JP, Giannakopoulos, C, Goeckner-Wald, N, Goldfinger, DC, Grayson, J, Grimes, PK, Hall, G, Halal, G, Halpern, M, Hand, E, Harrison, SA, Henderson, S, Hildebrandt, SR, Hilton, GC, Hubmayr, J, Hui, H, Irwin, KD, Kang, J, Karkare, KS, Kefeli, S, Kovac, JM, Kuo, CL, Lau, K, Leitch, EM, Lennox, A, Liu, T, Megerian, KG, Minutolo, L, Moncelsi, L, Nakato, Y, Namikawa, T, Nguyen, HT, O'Brient, R, Palladino, S, Petroff, MA, Precup, N, Prouve, T, Pryke, C, Racine, B, Reintsema, CD, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, BL, Singari, B, St Germaine, T, Steinback, B, Sudiwala, RV, Thompson, KL, Tsai, C, Tucker, C, Turner, AD, Umilta, C, Verges, C, Vieregg, AG, Wandui, A, Weber, AC, Wiebe, DV, Willmert, J, Wu, WLK, Yang, H, Yoon, KW, Young, E, Yu, C, Zeng, L, Zhang, C & Zhang, S 2022, 2022 upgrade and improved low frequency camera sensitivity for cmb observation at the south pole. in J Zmuidzinas & J-R Gao (eds), Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI., 1219014, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 12190, SPIE, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI 2022, Montreal, Canada, 7/17/22. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628058

Soliman A, Ade PAR, Ahmed Z, Amiri M, Barkats D, Basu Thakur R et al. 2022 upgrade and improved low frequency camera sensitivity for cmb observation at the south pole. In Zmuidzinas J, Gao JR, editors, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI. SPIE. 2022. 1219014. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.2628058

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title = "2022 upgrade and improved low frequency camera sensitivity for cmb observation at the south pole",

abstract = "Constraining the Galactic foregrounds with multi-frequency Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations is an essential step towards ultimately reaching the sensitivity to measure primordial gravitational waves (PGWs), the sign of inflation after the Big-Bang that would be imprinted on the CMB. The BICEP Array is a set of multi-frequency cameras designed to constrain the energy scale of inflation through CMB B-mode searches while also controlling the polarized galactic foregrounds. The lowest frequency BICEP Array receiver (BA1) has been observing from the South Pole since 2020 and provides 30 GHz and 40 GHz data to characterize galactic synchrotron in our CMB maps. In this paper, we present the design of the BA1 detectors and the full optical characterization of the camera including the on-sky performance at the South Pole. The paper also introduces the design challenges during the first observing season including the effect of out-of-band photons on detectors performance. It also describes the tests done to diagnose that effect and the new upgrade to minimize these photons, as well as installing more dichroic detectors during the 2022 deployment season to improve the BA1 sensitivity. We finally report background noise measurements of the detectors with the goal of having photon-noise dominated detectors in both optical channels. BA1 achieves an improvement in mapping speed compared to the previous deployment season.",

keywords = "BICEP Array, Cosmic Microwave Background, Detectors, Inflation, Synchrotron, Telescopes",

author = "A. Soliman and Ade, {P. A.R.} and Z. Ahmed and M. Amiri and D. Barkats and {Basu Thakur}, R. and Bischoff, {C. A.} and D. Beck and Bock, {J. J.} and V. Buza and J. Cheshire and J. Connors and J. Cornelison and M. Crumrine and Cukierman, {A. J.} and Denison, {E. V.} and Dierichx, {M. I.} and L. Duband and M. Eiben and S. Fatigoni and Filippini, {J. P.} and C. Giannakopoulos and N. Goeckner-Wald and Goldfinger, {D. C.} and J. Grayson and Grimes, {P. K.} and G. Hall and G. Halal and M. Halpern and E. Hand and Harrison, {S. A.} and S. Henderson and Hildebrandt, {S. R.} and Hilton, {G. C.} and J. Hubmayr and H. Hui and Irwin, {K. D.} and J. Kang and Karkare, {K. S.} and S. Kefeli and Kovac, {J. M.} and Kuo, {C. L.} and K. Lau and Leitch, {E. M.} and A. Lennox and T. Liu and Megerian, {K. G.} and L. Minutolo and L. Moncelsi and Y. Nakato and T. Namikawa and Nguyen, {H. T.} and R. O'Brient and S. Palladino and Petroff, {M. A.} and N. Precup and T. Prouve and C. Pryke and B. Racine and Reintsema, {C. D.} and M. Salatino and A. Schillaci and Schmitt, {B. L.} and B. Singari and {St Germaine}, T. and B. Steinback and Sudiwala, {R. V.} and Thompson, {K. L.} and C. Tsai and C. Tucker and Turner, {A. D.} and C. Umilta and C. Verges and Vieregg, {A. G.} and A. Wandui and Weber, {A. C.} and Wiebe, {D. V.} and J. Willmert and Wu, {W. L.K.} and H. Yang and Yoon, {K. W.} and E. Young and C. Yu and L. Zeng and C. Zhang and S. Zhang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 SPIE.; Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI 2022 ; Conference date: 17-07-2022 Through 22-07-2022",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1117/12.2628058",

language = "English (US)",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE",

editor = "Jonas Zmuidzinas and Jian-Rong Gao",

booktitle = "Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI",

}

TY - GEN

T1 - 2022 upgrade and improved low frequency camera sensitivity for cmb observation at the south pole

AU - Soliman, A.

AU - Ade, P. A.R.

AU - Ahmed, Z.

AU - Amiri, M.

AU - Barkats, D.

AU - Basu Thakur, R.

AU - Bischoff, C. A.

AU - Beck, D.

AU - Bock, J. J.

AU - Buza, V.

AU - Cheshire, J.

AU - Connors, J.

AU - Cornelison, J.

AU - Crumrine, M.

AU - Cukierman, A. J.

AU - Denison, E. V.

AU - Dierichx, M. I.

AU - Duband, L.

AU - Eiben, M.

AU - Fatigoni, S.

AU - Filippini, J. P.

AU - Giannakopoulos, C.

AU - Goeckner-Wald, N.

AU - Goldfinger, D. C.

AU - Grayson, J.

AU - Grimes, P. K.

AU - Hall, G.

AU - Halal, G.

AU - Halpern, M.

AU - Hand, E.

AU - Harrison, S. A.

AU - Henderson, S.

AU - Hildebrandt, S. R.

AU - Hilton, G. C.

AU - Hubmayr, J.

AU - Hui, H.

AU - Irwin, K. D.

AU - Kang, J.

AU - Karkare, K. S.

AU - Kefeli, S.

AU - Kovac, J. M.

AU - Kuo, C. L.

AU - Lau, K.

AU - Leitch, E. M.

AU - Lennox, A.

AU - Liu, T.

AU - Megerian, K. G.

AU - Minutolo, L.

AU - Moncelsi, L.

AU - Nakato, Y.

AU - Namikawa, T.

AU - Nguyen, H. T.

AU - O'Brient, R.

AU - Palladino, S.

AU - Petroff, M. A.

AU - Precup, N.

AU - Prouve, T.

AU - Pryke, C.

AU - Racine, B.

AU - Reintsema, C. D.

AU - Salatino, M.

AU - Schillaci, A.

AU - Schmitt, B. L.

AU - Singari, B.

AU - St Germaine, T.

AU - Steinback, B.

AU - Sudiwala, R. V.

AU - Thompson, K. L.

AU - Tsai, C.

AU - Tucker, C.

AU - Turner, A. D.

AU - Umilta, C.

AU - Verges, C.

AU - Vieregg, A. G.

AU - Wandui, A.

AU - Weber, A. C.

AU - Wiebe, D. V.

AU - Willmert, J.

AU - Wu, W. L.K.

AU - Yang, H.

AU - Yoon, K. W.

AU - Young, E.

AU - Yu, C.

AU - Zeng, L.

AU - Zhang, C.

AU - Zhang, S.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Constraining the Galactic foregrounds with multi-frequency Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations is an essential step towards ultimately reaching the sensitivity to measure primordial gravitational waves (PGWs), the sign of inflation after the Big-Bang that would be imprinted on the CMB. The BICEP Array is a set of multi-frequency cameras designed to constrain the energy scale of inflation through CMB B-mode searches while also controlling the polarized galactic foregrounds. The lowest frequency BICEP Array receiver (BA1) has been observing from the South Pole since 2020 and provides 30 GHz and 40 GHz data to characterize galactic synchrotron in our CMB maps. In this paper, we present the design of the BA1 detectors and the full optical characterization of the camera including the on-sky performance at the South Pole. The paper also introduces the design challenges during the first observing season including the effect of out-of-band photons on detectors performance. It also describes the tests done to diagnose that effect and the new upgrade to minimize these photons, as well as installing more dichroic detectors during the 2022 deployment season to improve the BA1 sensitivity. We finally report background noise measurements of the detectors with the goal of having photon-noise dominated detectors in both optical channels. BA1 achieves an improvement in mapping speed compared to the previous deployment season.

AB - Constraining the Galactic foregrounds with multi-frequency Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations is an essential step towards ultimately reaching the sensitivity to measure primordial gravitational waves (PGWs), the sign of inflation after the Big-Bang that would be imprinted on the CMB. The BICEP Array is a set of multi-frequency cameras designed to constrain the energy scale of inflation through CMB B-mode searches while also controlling the polarized galactic foregrounds. The lowest frequency BICEP Array receiver (BA1) has been observing from the South Pole since 2020 and provides 30 GHz and 40 GHz data to characterize galactic synchrotron in our CMB maps. In this paper, we present the design of the BA1 detectors and the full optical characterization of the camera including the on-sky performance at the South Pole. The paper also introduces the design challenges during the first observing season including the effect of out-of-band photons on detectors performance. It also describes the tests done to diagnose that effect and the new upgrade to minimize these photons, as well as installing more dichroic detectors during the 2022 deployment season to improve the BA1 sensitivity. We finally report background noise measurements of the detectors with the goal of having photon-noise dominated detectors in both optical channels. BA1 achieves an improvement in mapping speed compared to the previous deployment season.

KW - BICEP Array

KW - Cosmic Microwave Background

KW - Detectors

KW - Inflation

KW - Synchrotron

KW - Telescopes

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140719654&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85140719654&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1117/12.2628058

DO - 10.1117/12.2628058

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:85140719654

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI

A2 - Zmuidzinas, Jonas

A2 - Gao, Jian-Rong

PB - SPIE

T2 - Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI 2022

Y2 - 17 July 2022 through 22 July 2022

ER -

2022 upgrade and improved low frequency camera sensitivity for cmb observation at the south pole

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