@inproceedings{e3f4fe85630f4d1780425c5c46e9a111,
title = "180 Gb/s PAM-4 Optical Link by Cryogenic VCSEL",
abstract = "We have developed 1/2-λ cavity Cryo-VCSELs with 4.5-µm oxide-aperture and achieved bandwidth f-3dB > 50 GHz at 2 mA. Record-speed 180 Gb/s PAM-4 link at 3 K is demonstrated toward energy efficient < 50 fJ/bit.",
author = "Zetai Liu and Haonan Wu and Yulin He and Derek Chaw and Milton Feng",
note = "The high-speed VCSEL PAM-4 and NRZ test is partially supported by Dr. Mike Gerhold for the Army Research Office (ARO) grant to UIUC under No. W911NF-21-1-0022 and W911NF-22-1-0046. Additionally, the authors would like to express special thanks to Keysight, especially to Dr. Neal Buren, Dr. John Dorighi, Dr. Danette Wing, and Howard Bifeld on equipment loaning and technical support.; 2026 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2026 ; Conference date: 15-03-2026 Through 19-03-2026",
year = "2026",
doi = "10.1364/ofc.2026.th1a.3",
language = "English (US)",
series = "2026 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2026 - Proceedings",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
booktitle = "2026 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2026 - Proceedings",
address = "United States",
}